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The pathological changes of IDD are mainly composed of the senescence and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), the progressive degeneration of extracellular matrix (ECM), the fibrosis of annulus fibrosus (AF), and the inflammatory response. At present, IDD can be treated by conservative treatment and surgical treatment based on patients' symptoms. However, all of these can only release the pain but cannot reverse IDD and reconstruct the mechanical function of the spine. The latest research is moving towards the field of biotherapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regard as the potential therapy of IDD because of their ability to self\u2010renew and differentiate into a variety of tissues. Moreover, the non\u2010coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are found to regulate many vital processes in IDD. There have been many successes in the in vitro and animal studies of using biotherapy to treat IDD, but how to transform the experimental data to real therapy which can apply to humans is still a challenge. This article mainly reviews the treatment strategies and research progress of IDD and indicates that there are many problems that need to be solved if the new biotherapy is to be applied to clinical treatment of IDD. This will provide reference and guidance for clinical treatment and research direction of IDD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T12:27:00Z","timestamp":1651235220000},"page":"1271-1280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":252,"title":["Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7766-0056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingguo","family":"Xin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spinal Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin University  Changchun China"},{"name":"Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury  Changchun 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