{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T05:00:45Z","timestamp":1778907645259,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M692279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M692279"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81874002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81874002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the outcomes of Ilizarov ankle arthrodesis in the treatment of end\u2010stage varus ankle osteoarthritis (OA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective study of 63 patients with varus ankle OA who underwent Ilizarov ankle arthrodesis between June 2013 and December 2018. There were 24 males and 39 females with an average age of 56.57\u2009\u00b1\u20094.45\u2009years (range, 47\u201364\u2009years). Thirty\u2010six cases were affected on the left side, and 27 were affected on the right side. The patients' mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.18\u2009\u00b1\u20092.93\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. According to the modified Takakura staging criteria, there were 18 cases of stage 3b (28.57%) and 45 cases of stage 4 (71.43%). Nine patients were primary (14.29%), 48 were traumatic (76.19%), and six were caused by rheumatoid OA (9.52%). Functional assessments were performed according to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle\u2010hindfoot score, Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS), and visual analogue scale (VAS). The tibial anterior surface angle (TAS), coronal plane tibial\u2010talar angle (CPT), talar tilt angle (TT), deformity angle (DA), and tibial lateral surface angle (TLS) were assessed on X\u2010ray films.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The average operation time was 147.84\u2009\u00b1\u200913.67\u2009min (range, 135\u2013168\u2009min). The average follow\u2010up time was 34.24\u2009\u00b1\u20098.72\u00a0months (range, 24\u201361\u00a0months). Bony fusion was achieved in all ankles, and the fusion time was 12.43\u2009\u00b1\u20091.99\u2009weeks on average. The average AOFAS score at the final follow\u2010up increased from 42.14\u2009\u00b1\u20098.66 to 80.90\u2009\u00b1\u20096.80. The average VAS score and AOS pain and disability scores at the final follow\u2010up decreased from 7.29\u2009\u00b1\u20091.27 to 2.24\u2009\u00b1\u20090.94, from 67.94\u2009\u00b1\u20097.68 to 27.92\u2009\u00b1\u20095.82, and from 71.64\u2009\u00b1\u20099.37 to 41.32\u2009\u00b1\u20098.99, respectively. The average TAS, CPT, and TLS at the final follow\u2010up increased from 77.76\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.44\u00b0 to 89.81\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.25\u00b0, from 69.04\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20093.73\u00b0 to 90.43\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.80\u00b0, and from 82.14\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20093.77\u00b0 to 88.67\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.50\u00b0, respectively. The average TT and DA at the final follow\u2010up decreased from 8.76\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.30\u00b0 to 2.05\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.28\u00b0 and from 20.95\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20093.73\u00b0 to 1.57\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.93\u00b0, respectively. Three patients developed superficial pin tract infections, all settled with local dressing and antibiotic treatment. Two patients were found to have subtalar arthritis and underwent conservative treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ankle arthrodesis using the Ilizarov technique is efficient in treating end\u2010stage varus ankle OA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T06:24:57Z","timestamp":1650435897000},"page":"937-945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effectiveness of Ilizarov Ankle Arthrodesis in the Treatment of End\u2010Stage Varus Ankle Osteoarthritis: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Bohua","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu 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