{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T11:46:13Z","timestamp":1778931973535,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007162","name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021A1515012564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515012564"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004000","name":"Guangzhou Science and Technology Program key projects","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202007020002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202007020002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005015","name":"South China University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the feasibility and utility of computer\u2010aided design (CAD) in surgical treatment of leg length discrepancy (LLD) using monorail external fixators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present case series, we retrospectively analyzed seven patients diagnosed with LLD who were surgically treated using a monorail external fixator between June 2018 and August 2020. A personalized surgical emulation of each patient was designed using CAD based on preoperative CT scans to measure limb parameters. Through reverse engineering, a surgical guide plate was then designed to assist with correcting the limb deformity. Patient general information and clinical history, leg length, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), anatomical anterior distal tibial angle (aADTA), and surgical parameters were recorded during the perioperative period. Three months after external fixator removal, distraction\u2010consolidation time (DCT), healing index (HI), and lower extremity function score (LEFS) were calculated, and statistically analyzed by paired T\u2010test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean limb lengthening achieved was 6.41\u2009\u00b1\u20092.54 (range, 3.30\u201310.54) cm with either varus or valgus correction. The mean operative duration was 151\u2009\u00b1\u200941.87 (84\u2013217) minutes and mean blood loss was 53.58\u2009\u00b1\u200922.51(25\u201387) ml. The mean distraction\u2010consolidation time was 3.67\u2009\u00b1\u20091.13 (range, 2.5\u20136.0) months and mean external fixator duration was 11\u2009\u00b1\u20092.45 (range, 8\u201314) months. The mean healing index (HI) was 18.11\u2009\u00b1\u20093.58 (range, 12.8\u201322.7) days\/cm. Mean LEFS scores improved postoperatively from 32.17  8.57 (range, 24\u201345) to 61.17  6.68 (range, 50\u201367) with a significant difference (T\u00a0=\u00a0\u201314.26,P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simultaneous length and angular correction can be achieved by incorporating CAD into the surgical treatment of patients with LLD, without compromising postoperative lower limb function. CAD demonstrates utility in the surgical treatment of LLD by improving the functionality of monorail external fixators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T10:05:36Z","timestamp":1659607536000},"page":"2073-2084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Feasibility of Computer\u2010Aided Design in Limb Lengthening Surgery: Surgical Simulation and Guide Plates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Guangzhou First People's Hospital  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanhao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinghua","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6107-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huanwen","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Guangzhou First People's Hospital  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1340-13-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.00531"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13757"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.17.00148"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5189.1863"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199711000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520952757"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2015140196"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001396"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.03.049"},{"issue":"249","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"263","article-title":"The tension\u2010stress effect on the genesis and growth of tissues. 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