{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:34:20Z","timestamp":1791855260559,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11772226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11772226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81572154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81572154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81871777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871777"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010041","name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16ZXZNGX00130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16ZXZNGX00130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010041","name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18PTLCSY00070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18PTLCSY00070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lateral open\u2010wedge distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) has been used to treat valgus deformity of the knee, with good clinical outcomes. However, there is a lack of biomechanical studies regarding the angle of correction. The objective of this study was to apply computer\u2010aided design (CAD) for osteotomy planning in a three\u2010dimensional (3D) anatomical model and to assess the biomechanical differences among the varying correction angles on joint loading by finite element analysis (FEA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To model different angles of lateral open\u2010wedge DFO correction, the CAD software package Mimics 21.0 was used to accurately simulate the operated knee. The femur was cut to 0\u00b0, 2\u00b0, 4\u00b0, 6\u00b0, 8\u00b0, and 10\u00b0 of varus (equivalent to hip\u2010knee\u2010ankle angles of 180\u00b0, 178\u00b0, 176\u00b0, 174\u00b0, 172\u00b0, and 170\u00b0, respectively). The original knee model and the corrected models were processed by FE software. Then, the FE models were subjected to an axial force to obtain the von Mises stress (VMS) and shear stress distributions within the femoral cartilages and menisci.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Under a compressive load of 740 N, the highest VMS in lateral and medial compartments of the intact knee model was 3.418 and 3.303\u2009MPa. The maximum value of both the VMS and the shear stress in the lateral compartment decreased as the varus angle increased, but the corresponding values in the medial compartment increased. When the hip\u2010knee\u2010ankle (HKA) angle was 180\u00b0, the VMS in the lateral and medial compartments was balanced (3.418 and 3.303\u00a0MPa, respectively). Meanwhile, when the HKA angle was 178\u00b0 (3.488 and 3.625\u00a0MPa, respectively), the shear stress in the lateral and medial compartments was balanced. In addition, the magnitude of change in the stress was significantly higher in the medial compartment (90.9%) than in the lateral compartment (19.3%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The optimal correction angle of the valgus knee is close to neutral alignment or slightly varus (0\u00b0\u2009\u2010\u20092\u00b0). Overcorrection is not recommended, as it can result in a steep increase of the stress within the medial compartment and may accelerate the process of medial compartment OA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T07:15:01Z","timestamp":1664003701000},"page":"2904-2913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Computer\u2010aided Design of Distal Femoral Osteotomy for the Valgus Knee and Effect of Correction Angle on Joint Loading by Finite Element Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Orthopedics Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingwen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Orthopedics Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haohao","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxiong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8932-3110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinlong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Orthopedics Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015745"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2019.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2020.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-01843-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1403-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2019.02.011"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"198","article-title":"Closing\u2010wedge distal femoral osteotomies\u2010retrospective study","volume":"54","author":"Cabral PB","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Bras 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