{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:23:50Z","timestamp":1791984230600,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The injury of the annular ligament can change the stress distribution and affect the stability of the elbow joint, but its biomechanical mechanism is unclear. The present study investigated the biomechanical effects of different flexion angles of the annular ligament on elbow joint stability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cartilage and ligament model was constructed using SolidWorks software according to the magnetic resonance imaging results to simulate the annular ligament during normal, loosened, and ruptured conditions at different buckling angles (0\u00b0, 30\u00b0, 60\u00b0, 90\u00b0, and 120\u00b0). The fixed muscle strengths were 40 N (F1), 20 N (F2), 20 N (F3), 20 N (F4), and 20 N (F5) for the triceps, biceps, and brachial tendons and the base of the medial collateral ligament and lateral collateral ligament. The different elbow three\u2010dimensional (3D) finite element models were imported into ABAQUS software to calculate and analyze the load, contact area, contact stress, and stress of the medial collateral ligament of the olecranon cartilage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that the stress value of olecranon cartilage increased under different conditions (normal, loosened, and ruptured annular ligament) with elbow extension, and the maximum stress value of olecranon cartilage was 2.91\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24\u2009MPa when the annular ligament was ruptured. The maximum contact area of olecranon cartilage was 254\u2009\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> with normal annular ligament when the elbow joint was flexed to 30\u00b0, while the maximum contact area of loosened and ruptured annular ligament was 283\u2009and 312\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> at 60\u00b0 of elbow flexion, and then decreased gradually. The maximum stress of the medial collateral ligament was 6.52\u2009\u00b1\u20090.23, 11.51\u2009\u00b1\u20090.78, and 18.74\u2009\u00b1\u20090.94\u00a0MPa under the different conditions, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>When the annular ligament ruptures, it should be reconstructed as much as possible to avoid the elevation of stress on the surface of the medial collateral ligament of the elbow and the annular cartilage, which may cause clinical symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T10:07:23Z","timestamp":1663236443000},"page":"2837-2844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Finite Element Analysis of Elbow Joint Stability by Different Flexion Angles of the Annular Ligament"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Guangming","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Foshan Jianxiang Orthopedic Hospital  Foshan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengzhong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital &amp; Shenzhen Pingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital &amp; Shenzhen Pingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital &amp; Shenzhen Pingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BTH.0000000000000191"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3518-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517743749"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1757-7861.2010.00081.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-018-3943-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-4-344"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-016-1774-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.55978"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000189881.75421.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"6067312","article-title":"Ligament reconstruction for recurrent anterior dislocation of the radial head","volume":"2019","author":"Hatta T","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-015-0170-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12797"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40846-017-0334-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1416-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-019-01215-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23913"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1829-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering6030068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-019-02104-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.2000.1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2014.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering5040084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2008.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-018-0564-6"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/os.13452","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/os.13452","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/os.13452","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T17:16:44Z","timestamp":1692638204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/os.13452"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/os.13452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/os.13452","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-7853","1757-7861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-7853","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-7861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}