{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T19:12:59Z","timestamp":1788376379031,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre\u2010implantation sterilization procedures for tendons are important measures to reduce the risk of disease transmission, however these procedures may compromise tendon microarchitecture and biomechanical properties to varying degrees. We explore the effects of different sterilization procedures on the micro\u2010histology, biomechanical strength and biochemical properties of human tendon allografts in vitro study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The tendon allografts were harvested from cadaveric donors after the donors were serologically screened by antibody or nucleic acid testing of infectious agents. All samples were divided into five groups, which were fresh\u2010frozen group (control group), 15\u2009kGy gamma irradiation group, 25\u2009kGy gamma irradiation group, 70% ethanol group, and peracetic acid\u2010ethanol group. Each group included 10 tendons for testing. Histological staining and transmission electron microscopy were applied to observe the internal structure and arrangement of tendon collagen fibers, while the machine learning classifier was trained to distinguish the darker cross\u2010sections of collagen fibers and brighter backgrounds of the electron micrograph to detect the distribution of diameters of tendon collagen fibers. The viscoelasticity, mechanical properties and material properties of tendon allografts were examined to detect the influence of different intervention factors on the biomechanical properties of tendons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Histological staining and transmission electron microscopy showed that the structure of fresh\u2010frozen tendons was similar to the structures of other experimental groups, and no obvious fiber disorder or delamination was observed. In the uniaxial cyclic test, the cyclic creep of 25\u2009kGy irradiation group (1.5%) and peracetic acid\u2010ethanol group (1.5%) were significantly lower than that of the control group (3.6%,\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.52,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.039) while in the load\u2010to\u2010failure test, the maximum elongation and maximum strain of the peracetic acid\u2010ethanol group were significantly higher than those of the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a04.60,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.010), and there was no significant difference in other biomechanical indicators. According to the experimental results of denatured collagen, it could be seen that no matter which disinfection procedure was used, the denaturation of the tendon sample would be promoted (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.97,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.186), and high\u2010dose irradiation seemed to cause more damage to collagen fibers than the other two disinfection procedures (296.2\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      171.1\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      212.9\u2009\u03bcg\/g).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biomechanical experiments and collagen denaturation tests showed that 15\u2009kGy gamma irradiation and 70% ethanol can preserve the biomechanical strength and biochemical properties of tendons to the greatest extent, and these two sterilization methods are worthy of further promotion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T06:32:26Z","timestamp":1661322746000},"page":"2657-2668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effects of Chemical Sterilization and Gamma Irradiation on the Biochemical and Biomechanical Properties of Human Tendon Allografts In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7929-9003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao\u2010ran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Tumor Tianjin Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8957-6572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming\u2010you","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Wonderful Medical Biomaterial Co. Ltd.  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7377-0589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0220-6200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4924-6418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing\u2010yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Tumor Tianjin Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9846-6735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong\u2010cheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Tumor Tianjin Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CATB.0000046071.11459.bd"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0267-6605(93)90063-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-014-0556-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"The induction of IL\u20101 by freeze\u2010dried ethylene oxide\u2010treated bone\u2010patellar tendon\u2010bone allograft wear particles: an in vitro study","volume":"9","author":"Silvaggio 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