{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T01:49:21Z","timestamp":1772070561097,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>C2 pedicle screw insertion is very important in posterior upper cervical surgery. The traditional screw placement technique requires us to consider both medial inclination and cephalad angle, it is difficult to operate intraoperatively. This paper is to explore a novel method of C2 pedicle screw placement compared with traditional C2 pedicle screw.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 44 patients diagnosed with atlantoaxial fracture or instability from May 2018 to November 2020 were involved in this retrospective study, and they were divided into C2\u2010PPS group (perpendicular to the coronal plane C2 screw, 24 patients) and C2\u2010TPS group (traditional C2 pedicle screw, 20 patients). The diameter of the maximum tangential circle, distance between geometric center and median sagittal plane and screw length of PPS and TPS were measured based on the 3D model of C2, respectively. Then the 3D printed navigation templated were designed and manufactured by 3D printing to assisted the PPS and TPS placement, respectively. The surgical time and radiation exposure times during operation were recorded; the post\u2010operative grading criteria, deviation of screw entry point and deviation of screw angle of two groups were evaluated, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 48 screws were inserted in the C2\u2010PPS group, and 40 screws were inserted in the C2\u2010TPS group. There were 46 screws with grade 0 (95.8%) in the PPS group and 31 screws with grade 0 (77.5%) in the TPS group, (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03). The radiation exposure times in the C2\u2010PPS group and C2\u2010TPS group were 4.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 and 7.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.8, respectively, (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.045). The deviations of screw entry point in the C2\u2010PPS group and C2\u2010TPS group were 1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u2009mm and 3.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u2009mm, respectively; the deviations of screw angle in the C2\u2010PPS group and C2\u2010TPS group were 2.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6\u00b0 and 4.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0\u00b0, respectively, (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.000). The diameters of the maximum tangential circle in the C2\u2010PPS group and C2\u2010TPS group were 5.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0\u2009mm and 5.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9\u2009mm, respectively. The distances between the geometric center and median sagittal plane in the C2\u2010PPS group and C2\u2010TPS group were 15.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u2009mm and 18.0\u2009\u00b1\u20093.3\u2009mm, respectively; The screw lengths in the C2\u2010PPS group and C2\u2010TPS group were 25.9\u2009\u00b1\u20093.2\u2009mm and 27.6\u2009\u00b1\u20093.7\u2009mm, respectively, (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.000).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty percent of C2\u2010PPS corridor can accommodate a 3.5\u2009mm diameter screw, and with an average screw length of 26\u2009mm. Navigation templates assisted the C2\u2010PPS placement is less surgical time, less radiation exposure times, more safe and more accurate than C2\u2010TPS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T02:15:36Z","timestamp":1665540936000},"page":"563-571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparison of Perpendicular to the Coronal Plane <i>versus<\/i> Medial Inclination for <scp>C2<\/scp> Pedicle Screw Insertion Assisted by <scp>3D<\/scp> Printed Navigation Template"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7215-1460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Zigong Fourth People's Hospital  Zigong China"},{"name":"Institute of Digital Medicine Zigong Academy of Big Data for Medical Science and Artificial Intelligence  Zigong 643000 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Digital Medicine Zigong Academy of Big Data for Medical Science and Artificial Intelligence  Zigong 643000 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4804-024X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danwei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Digital Medicine Zigong Academy of Big Data for Medical Science and Artificial Intelligence  Zigong 643000 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binwei","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Zigong Fourth People's Hospital  Zigong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Zigong Fourth People's Hospital  Zigong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baifang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Zigong Fourth People's Hospital  Zigong China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Hospital of Southwest Medical University  Luzhou 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