{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:47:07Z","timestamp":1777668427729,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010888","name":"Wuhan Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019020701011423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019020701011423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The operative microscope (OM) has revolutionized the field of modern spine surgery, however, it remains limited by several drawbacks. Recently, the exoscope (EX) system has been designed to assistant spine surgery. It provides a three\u2010dimensional (3D) high\u2010definition (HD) operative experience and becomes an alternative to the OM. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes, advantages and limitations of EX\u2010assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (EMIS\u2010TLIF) and OM\u2010assisted MIS\u2010TLIF (OMIS\u2010TLIF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical outcomes were assessed in 47 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases (LDD) who underwent MIS\u2010TLIF assisted with the OM or EX between January 2019 and September 2020. A total of 22 were treated with EMIS\u2010TLIF, and 25 received OMIS\u2010TLIF. Perioperative parameters (including sex, age, number of fusion levels and body mass index), perioperative parameters (operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, postoperative hospitalization stay, and duration of follow\u2010up), visual analogue scale (VAS) of back pain, VAS of leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores and clinical outcomes were assessed and compared. Image quality, handling of equipment, ergonomics, 3D glasses and educational usefulness were scored according to a questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Operation time in the OMIS\u2010TLIF group (121.92\u2009\u00b1\u200916.92\u2009min) was significantly increased compared with that in the EMIS\u2010TLIF group (111.00\u2009\u00b1\u200919.87\u2009min) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The VAS of the back pain and ODI scores in the EMIS\u2010TLIF group were significantly lower compared with the OMIS\u2010TLIF group at 1\u2009week postoperatively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The good\u2010excellent outcomes rate was 90.91% in the EMIS\u2010TLIF group and 88.00% in the OMIS\u2010TLIF group, and there was no significant difference. A total of 44 visits completed the questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire showed that the EX has exhibited advantages regarding handing of equipment, ergonomics and educational usefulness, and comparable image quality as compared with the OM, however, operating surgeons complained uncomfortable sensation when wearing 3D glasses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The EMIS\u2010TLIF was a safe and effective procedure in the management of LDD as compared with the OMIS\u2010LIF. Meanwhile, EMIS\u2010TLIF might resulted in a short operation time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T13:05:05Z","timestamp":1669295105000},"page":"187-196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional High\u2010definition Exoscope in Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ya\u2010Wei","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Department General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (301 Hospital)  Beijing 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