{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T04:29:01Z","timestamp":1780115341141,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LY20H270012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY20H270012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012175","name":"Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020ZB090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZB090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastrointestinal dysfunction seriously affects the prognosis and quality of life of patients with multiple fractures. However, experimental evidence of this relationship is lacking. Here we describe a newly developed mouse model of postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction after multiple fractures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trauma severity was assessed using the injury severity score (ISS). Based on the ISS, a multiple fracture model was established in mice as follows: limb fractures with pelvic fractures and multiple rib fractures; limb fractures with multiple rib fractures; closed fracture of both forelegs with pelvic fracture and rib fractures; closed limb fractures; limb fracture with pelvic fracture; spinal fractures; hind leg fractures with pelvic fractures; pelvic fracture with multiple rib fractures; closed fracture of both fore legs with pelvic fracture; and closed fracture of both fore legs with multiple rib fractures. In each model group, gastrointestinal motility was assayed and the histopathology of the small intestine was examined. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of jejunal tissue were performed to detect c\u2010kit protein expression, the level of which was compared with that of a control group. The results of ANOVA are expressed as mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In mice with multiple fractures, food intake was greatly reduced, consistent with histopathological evidence of an injured intestinal epithelium. The jejunal tissue of mice in groups a, c, f, and h was characterized by extensively necrotic and exfoliated intestinal mucosal epithelium and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lamina propria. In the gastrointestinal function assay, gastrointestinal motility was significantly reduced in groups a, b, c, f, and g; these group also had a higher ISS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.01). The expression of c\u2010kit protein in groups with gastrointestinal dysfunction was significantly up\u2010regulated (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001) compared with the control group. The close correlation between c\u2010kit expression and the ISS indicated an influence of trauma severity on gastrointestinal motility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastrointestinal dysfunction after multiple fractures was successfully reproduced in a mouse model. In these mice, c\u2010kit expression correlated with gastrointestinal tissue dysfunction and might serve as a therapeutic target.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T11:46:37Z","timestamp":1678880797000},"page":"1325-1332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An Innovative Model of <scp>ISS<\/scp>\u2010Based Multiple Fractures and Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Related to c\u2010Kit Protein Expression on Interstitial Cells of Cajal"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shi\u2010Jie","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical College Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou 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