{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:34:52Z","timestamp":1784043292615,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>) is the causative agent of Q fever and is found worldwide; however, prosthetic joint infections caused by <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> are rarely seen. Because of advances in molecular diagnostic techniques, prosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> can now be diagnosed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 77\u2010year\u2010old male who had undergone total knee arthroplasty had a displaced prosthesis and periprosthetic osteolysis; he had no obvious signs of infection, and microbiological culture was negative. However, <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> was detected by metagenomic next\u2010generation sequencing (mNGS) and pathogen\u2010targeted next\u2010generation sequencing (ptNGS). Finally, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the diagnosis of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> prosthetic joint infection <jats:bold>(<\/jats:bold>PJI<jats:bold>)<\/jats:bold>. After revision surgery (one\u2010stage revision) and oral antibiotics (doxycycline and moxifloxacin hydrochloride), the patient's symptoms disappeared, and he regained the ability to walk. During the 6\u2010month follow\u2010up, the patient's knee showed no signs of swelling, pain or the recurrence of infection, and he experienced no significant complications. We also present a review of the literature for other cases of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> PJI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The symptoms of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> PJI may be different from those of Q fever, which may lead to misdiagnosis. mNGS and ptNGS may be helpful for the identification of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>. Once the diagnosis of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> PJI is confirmed, doxycycline in combination with a fluoroquinolone can be effectively administered after revision surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T11:03:59Z","timestamp":1668510239000},"page":"371-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Diagnosis of <i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i> Prosthetic Joint Infection Using <scp>mNGS<\/scp> and <scp>ptNGS<\/scp>: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8377-9181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou 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