{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:58:13Z","timestamp":1790351893405,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82002323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82002323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82102585"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82102585"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by non\u2010tubercular mycobacteria (NTM) is uncommon but catastrophic. However, conclusive clinical data on PJI caused by NTM are lacking. In this case series and systematic review, the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of NTM PJI are summarized and analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n From 2012 to 2020, we retrospectively analyzed consecutive PJI cases caused by NTM in our institution. A literature review was also conducted from January 2000 to December 2021, utilizing the PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases to identify all reported NTM\u2010induced PJI cases. The clinical characteristics, demographics, pathogen identification, treatment protocols, and prognosis of NTM PJI were summarized and analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In this retrospective analysis, seven patients infected with NTM following total joint arthroplasty at our institution were included, including six cases of PJI caused by NTM and one case of septic arthritis (SA) caused by NTM. There were six men and one woman, and their average age was 62.3\u2009years. The average interval between TJA and PJI onset was 4\u2009months. The preoperative serological markers, including the mean ESR (51\u2009mm\/h), CRP (4.0\u2009mg\/dL), fibrinogen (5.7\u00a0g\/L), and D\u2010dimer (1.1\u00a0g\/L), were increased. Six patients underwent staged revision surgery, and one patient with SA received antibiotic\u2010loaded bone cement beads to treat the infection. After an average of 33\u00a0months of observation following surgical intervention, none of the patients showed any symptoms of infection recurrence. From 2000 to 2021, 68 patients with NTM PJI were found in 39 studies in the published literature. Reinfections occurred within 1\u2009year after arthroplasty in more than half (53.2%) of the patients.\n M. fortuitum<\/jats:italic>\n and\n M. abscesses<\/jats:italic>\n were the most prevalent rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) in all PJI patients, whereas\n Mycobacterium avium intracellulare<\/jats:italic>\n (MAC) was the most prevalent slowly growing mycobacterium (SGM). The corresponding antibiotics were amikacin and ethambutol. The rate of culture\u2010negative without specific clinical symptoms was as high as 36.4% (12\/33), while 45% (18\/40) utilized additional diagnostic techniques such as NGS. A final clinical follow\u2010up record was available for 59 patients (86.7%; mean follow\u2010up period, 29\u00a0months), and 10.1% of patients failed to respond to treatment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Orthopaedic surgeons should consider NTM in patients with negative routine cultures who are at risk for\n Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n infection. Treatment options rely on the accurate result of microbiologic identification and drug sensitivity testing, and to achieve this, it may be necessary to send multiple culture specimens, extend the culture time, and change the culture medium. Every effort should be made to identify NTM and its various subtypes through modern diagnostic tools if necessary.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T05:30:59Z","timestamp":1683523859000},"page":"1488-1497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Non\u2010Tuberculosis<\/scp>\n Mycobacterium Periprosthetic Joint Infections Following Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Case Series and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8684-5885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zulipikaer","family":"Maimaiti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The First Medical Centre Chinese PLA General Hospital 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