{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:36:12Z","timestamp":1791516972528,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lumbar sympathetic trunk (LST) injury is one of the major complications after oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF). LST injury often manifests as unequal skin temperature in lower limbs after operation, and there may be a large number of missed diagnoses due to the lack of attention and different diagnostic methods. The study aimed to investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of LST injury after OLIF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data of patients with lumbar degenerative diseases who underwent OLIF in our hospital from April 2016 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Finally, a total of 54 patients were included. There were 10 males and 44 females, aged 58.4\u2009\u00b1\u200910.9\u2009years. The skin temperature of lower limbs was measured before and a day after surgery. The patients were followed up at 1\u2009week, 6\u2009weeks, 6\u2009months, and 2\u2009years after the surgery. Likert five\u2010point scale was used to evaluate the discomfort caused by LST injury. Injury severity score was introduced to grade injury degree according to the recovery time of postoperative symptoms. The chi\u2010square test was used to analyze the association of incidence of lumbar sympathetic trunk (LST) injury with contributing factors, such as gender and number of surgical segments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The unequal temperature was not found before surgery in all the patients. Postoperatively, 16 cases (29.6%) had difference of skin temperature more than 0.5\u00a0\u00b0C and were diagnosed with LST injury. Eight patients (14.8%) had self\u2010perception of skin temperature differences, and 12 patients (22.2%) had other symptoms, such as muscle pain, numbness, and weakness, which were not statistically different between patients with and without lumbar sympathetic trunk injury (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). In the 16 patients with LST injury, the difference of skin temperature between the two legs was 0.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1 \u00b0C on the first day, and the temperature difference lasted for 1.5\u2013~12\u00a0months. According to Likert five\u2010point scale, two cases (12.5%) were poor, and 14 cases (87.5%) were moderate immediately after surgery. Fifteen cases improved to some extent 6\u2009weeks to 12\u00a0months after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postoperative LST injury is mainly manifested by different temperature of lower limbs. The incidence was higher in patients with multi\u2010segment OLIF than in those with single\u2010segment OLIF, and the subjective experience of most patients with LST injury was moderate discomfort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T05:26:35Z","timestamp":1677648395000},"page":"1053-1059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Lumbar Sympathetic Trunk Injury: An Underestimated Complication of Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4056-8333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qunlong","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Quanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiming","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Quanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7829-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Quanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyong","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Quanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongmou","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Quanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanshi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Quanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4950-5937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yizhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Quanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-022-05316-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2017.09.06"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2016.11.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-4883-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2013.083"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Visceral and vascular complications resulting from anterior lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"91","author":"Rajaraman V","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1455-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.9.SPINE18800"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12625"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066620962453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001650"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2012.6.2.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-021-06843-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ec5911"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"418","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I). 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