{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T10:23:29Z","timestamp":1772533409323,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82172503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U21A20353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A20353"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current clinical pulse lavage technique for flushing fresh osteochondral allografts (OCAs) to remove immunogenic elements from the subchondral bone is ineffective. This study aimed to identify the optimal method for removing immunogenic elements from OCAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined five methods for the physical removal of immunogenic elements from OCAs from the femoral condyle of porcine knees. We distributed the OCAs randomly into the following seven groups: (1) control, (2) saline, (3) ultrasound, (4) vortex vibration (VV), (5) low\u2010pulse lavage (LPL), (6) high\u2010pulse lavage (HPL), and (7) high\u2010speed centrifugation (HSC). OCAs were evaluated using weight measurement, micro\u2010computed tomography (micro\u2010CT), macroscopic and histological evaluation, DNA quantification, and chondrocyte activity testing. Additionally, the subchondral bone was zoned to assess the bone marrow and nucleated cell contents. One\u2010way ANOVA and paired two\u2010tailed Student's t\u2010test are used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histological evaluation and DNA quantification showed no significant reduction in marrow elements compared to the control group after the OCAs were treated with saline, ultrasound, or VV treatments; however, there was a significant reduction in marrow elements after LPL, HPL, and HSC treatments. Furthermore, HSC more effectively reduced the marrow elements of OCAs in the middle and deep zones compared with LPL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and HPL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Macroscopic evaluation revealed a significant reduction in blood, lipid, and marrow elements in the subchondral bone after HSC. Micro\u2010CT, histological analyses, and chondrocyte viability results showed that HSC did not damage the subchondral bone and cartilage; however, LPL and HPL may damage the subchondral bone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>HSC may play an important role in decreasing immunogenicity and therefore potentially increasing the success of OCA transplantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T03:00:20Z","timestamp":1705633220000},"page":"675-686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High\u2010Speed Centrifugation Efficiently Removes Immunogenic Elements in Osteochondral Allografts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0870-8115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongsheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"},{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qitai","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"},{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"},{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair  Taiyuan 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