{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:15:42Z","timestamp":1791566142934,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The biomechanical mechanism of brace intervention on bone, muscle, and disc should be comprehensively considered for AIS patients. We aimed to developmentally construct a musculoskeletal finite element model of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis to simulate the coupling of corrective forces and analyze the mechanical properties of bone, muscle, and disc. Investigateing, more effective clinical interventions to break the vicious cycle of patients during growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A finite element model, including muscle, bone, and disc, was established using computed tomography data of a patient with RigoA3 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The three\u2010point force coupling, antigravity, and bending effects of the Ch\u00eaneau brace were simulated, and the correction force of the secondary lumbar bend was gradually reduced while observing the mechanical characteristics of bone, muscle, and disc. The correction force in line with symmetrical spine growth was comprehensively evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The correction rate of the main thoracic (MT) curve, the intervertebral space height on the concave side of the vertebrae at the apex, and the stress ratio of the intervertebral discs were optimal when the maximum corrective pressure threshold was reached. However, the proximal thoracic (PT) curve was aggravated and the axial forces on the concave side were unbalanced. At this time, the biomechanical performance of the model is also not optimal. The correction rate of the Cobb Angle of the MT curve decreased with the decrease of the correction pressure in the lumbar region. When reduced to 25% of the maximum threshold, the convex side of disc stress, intervertebral space, and muscle axial force is more in line with the biomechanical mechanism of correction and can avoid sacrificing the PT curve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Downward adjustment of the corrective force to the secondary lumbar curve, using the Ch\u00eaneau brace, results in better primary thoracic curvature mechanics in the musculoskeletal finite element model, suggesting that breaking the vicious cycle of scoliosis progression to guide benign spinal growth is beneficial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.14296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T03:42:00Z","timestamp":1731382920000},"page":"525-539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Reducing the Brace Correction Stress on the Secondary Lumbar Curve Results in Excellent Muscle, Bone, and Disc Mechanical Performance: A Musculoskeletal Finite Element Simulation of\n                    <scp>AIS<\/scp>\n                    Patient With Rigo\n                    <scp>A3<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5202-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Guangzhou Sport University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Rehabilitation Engineering Center for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, Guangzhou Sport University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Guangzhou Sport University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyu","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Guangzhou Sport University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinmiao","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Guangzhou Sport University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Guangzhou Sport University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlin","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Guangzhou Sport University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bagen","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Guangzhou Sport University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Rehabilitation Engineering Center for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, Guangzhou Sport University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(08)60658\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2508"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13583"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015\u20100709"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c11853"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000000467"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1115"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c5b5fa"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Retrospective Results in Immature Idiopathic Scoliotic Patients Treated With a Ch\u00eaneau Brace","volume":"88","author":"Rigo M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832\u2010012\u20100429\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307337"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13572"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000003705"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2019.0263"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2018.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00963"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2014.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","volume-title":"A Retrospective Study and Finite Element Analysis of Compensatory Proximal Thoracic Curves in Rigo Type A AIS Following Brace Treatment","author":"Yuan C.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632\u2010199504150\u201000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632\u2010199208000\u201000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021\u20109290(98)00164\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0268\u20100033(92)90024\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0268\u20100033(86)90146\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632\u2010198709000\u201000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021\u20109290(01)00079\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632\u2010198805000\u201000017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2006.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021\u20109290(70)90037\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","unstructured":"N.Brown C.Saputa andJ.Black \u201cYoung's Modulus of Living Human Bone Transactions of the Orthopaedic Research Society \u201d(1981)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","unstructured":"H.Wang \u201cDevelopment of a Side Impact Finite Element Human Thoracic Model \u201d(PhD thesis Wayne State University 1995)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517\u2010011\u20100737\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517\u2010007\u20100171\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2003.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","first-page":"798","article-title":"Hyphenated History: The Hueter\u2013Volkmann Law","volume":"26","author":"Mehlman C. T.","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopedics (Belle Mead, NJ)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010003\u20100565\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196600450-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198264050-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12071019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.137380"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","volume-title":"To Study the Modular Design of ScoliosisOrthosis Considering Multiple Factors","author":"Dong R.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2012.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010016\u20104434\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Computing Conference paper","author":"Ferziger J. H.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3503"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b4c75d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","volume-title":"Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of Personalized Scoliosis","author":"Sheng W.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.2095\u20104344.2015.53.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2020.109997"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517\u2010007\u20100220\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.Brs.0000103943.25412.E9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2014.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2010.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16098\/j.issn.0529\u20101356.2022.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","volume-title":"Finite Element Model Construction and Its Biomechanics Study of Lenke Type 1A\u2010Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis","author":"Mingxing T.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013\u2010017\u20100114\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623\u2010197658060\u201000011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","first-page":"100","article-title":"The Clinical Biomechanics of Scoliosis","volume":"118","author":"White A. A.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318279b666"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1022376"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2019.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000004715"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2020.110154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2011.04.006"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/os.14296","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]],"date-time":"2025-02-02T22:11:16Z","timestamp":1738534276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/os.14296"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/os.14296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/os.14296","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-7853","1757-7861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-7853","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-7861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}