{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:56:41Z","timestamp":1792515401294,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005088","name":"Beijing Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BJRITO\u2010RDP\u20102024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJRITO\u2010RDP\u20102024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005088","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L234010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L234010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies on Activities of Daily Living (ADL) suggest that the wrist demonstrates different ranges of motion and frequencies in various directions. However, the specific directional characteristics of wrist activities remain unexplored. This study aims to investigate the directional characteristics of wrist motions during ADL with optical motion capture technology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a basic science study. Twenty\u2010six right\u2010handed subjects executed 22 ADLs, with angular wrist positions tracked via retroreflective markers on the dominant limb. The Cartesian coordinate system formed by wrist flexion\u2013extension and radial\u2013ulnar deviation angles was transformed into a polar coordinate system, enabling the directional analysis and the calculation of the directional range of motion (ROM). The directional distribution of trajectory points was analyzed using the Rayleigh test and visualized. The values and trends of directional RoM in 72 directions for both aggregated and individual ADLs were examined. The peaks of ROMs across ADLs were clustered using K\u2010means to identify key directions. Differences in gender and age were analyzed with a two\u2010way ANOVA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>The trajectories exhibited a strong directional preference across all ADLs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). In the majority of ADLs, the trajectories favored the ulnar extension direction (19\/22) and were distributed along the radial flexion\u2013ulnar extension plane (12\/22). ROM was calculated for each of the 72 directions in each ADL. The aggregated ADL analysis provided the directional functional ROM (fROM). Three types of ADLs were identified, each with 1, 2, and 3 peaks in their directional ROM, respectively. Three key directions were identified as clusters of peak ROMs in the ADLs. Comparisons across gender and age groups revealed varying preferences for directional ROM in each group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study identified three key wrist motion directions essential for daily functions, highlighting the critical role of ulnar extension. Additionally, it demonstrated variations in directional wrist motion preferences across different genders and age groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.70024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T08:44:52Z","timestamp":1742201092000},"page":"1486-1502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An Analysis of Wrist Motions During Daily Activities From a Directional Perspective: The Significance of Directions Beyond the Dart\u2010Throwing Motion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1963-0064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qipei","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Capital Medical University, Department of Hand Surgery  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengfang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Capital Medical University, Department of Hand Surgery  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Capital Medical University, Department of Hand Surgery  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9728-4828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Capital Medical University, Department of Hand Surgery  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1027-338X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanlin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Capital Medical University, Department of Hand Surgery  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.02885"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0363\u20105023(85)80246\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363\u20105023(91)90006\u2010W"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201055443\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2016.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2020.109975"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2022.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2021.110291"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198407000-00004","article-title":"A Biomechanical Study of Normal Functional Wrist Motion","volume":"187","author":"Brumfield R. 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