{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T22:34:51Z","timestamp":1792362891365,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023J01597,2023J01315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J01597,2023J01315"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic> infection is relatively rare in clinical practice; all cases are primarily reported as individual case reports, and the characteristics of PJI induced by <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic> infection have not been clearly studied. This case\u2013control study was designed to systematically compare demographic profiles, clinical histories, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic outcomes between <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic> PJI and conventional bacterial PJI through retrospective analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective single\u2010center study included 6 cases of simplex <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic> PJI, 4 cases of mixed <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic> PJI, 33 cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content>, and 21 cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content> infection from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2024. Perioperative inflammatory markers, pathogen cultures, metagenomic next\u2010generation sequencing (mNGS) results, history of invasive urinary catheterization, clinical presentation, treatment, and rate of treatment success were recorded and analyzed for the four groups. Continuous variables were compared two\u2010by\u2010two between the four groups using independent <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests or the Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test based on the distribution of the data. The categorical variables were compared using the chi\u2010square test or Fisher's exact test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proportion of invasive urinary catheterization history in the mixed versus simplex <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic> group was significantly higher than that in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content> control groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Routine microbial culture positivity was significantly lower in the mixed versus simplex <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic> group than in the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), but positive results for <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic> can be detected by mNGS. Of note, one patient in the simplex <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic> group was cured with targeted antibiotic\u2010only therapy and avoided surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in cure rates between the mixed and simplex <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic> groups and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content> control groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.000).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prior invasive urinary catheterization represents a significant risk factor for <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic> PJI. The synergistic use of mNGS, optimized culture methods, and 16S rRNA PCR enables early detection of <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>. This multimodal diagnostic approach significantly enhances pathogen identification accuracy, minimizes diagnostic oversights, and provides essential guidance for effective therapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.70069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T03:24:15Z","timestamp":1749093855000},"page":"1995-2003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early and Accurate Pathogen Identification Based on <scp>mNGS<\/scp>: Key to Timely Therapy for <i>Mycoplasma<\/i> Prosthetic Joint Infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhenyuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian 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