{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T01:08:02Z","timestamp":1778893682497,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study is to achieve distinct visualization of juxta\u2010articular intraosseous microvessels, a novel nanoimaging methodology in which superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and meglumine diatrizoate (MD) are used cooperatively was implemented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A newly created composite of MD and Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> nanoparticles (MD\u2010Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> NPs) was prepared as a contrast agent to achieve efficacious imaging of the juxta\u2010articular intraosseous vasculature\u2010canal complex (JIVCC). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) were employed to observe the structural characteristics and binding stability of the MD\u2010Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> NPs. In 20 rabbits that received an injection of MD\u2010Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> NPs, 1\u2010mm\u2010thick computed tomography (CT) scanning was performed for radiographic assessment. Hematoxylin\u2013eosin\u2010 and potassium ferrocyanide\u2010stained sections from 10 sacrificed rabbits were used to observe the histological characteristics of JIVCC with MD\u2010Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> NPs, and the remaining 10 rabbits were utilized for a systemic safety evaluation. After a healthy volunteer received an MD\u2010Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> NP injection, we also performed CT scanning and related safety evaluations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>When the MD nanoparticles and amino\u2010Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> nanoparticles were mixed together, they aggregated into a stable compound structure according to microscopic observations and SEM\u2013EDS verification. In 20 rabbits\u00a0receiving\u00a0MD\u2010Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> injections, 1\u2010mm slice CT imaging demonstrated significantly enhanced visualization of the JIVCCs in magnet\u2010placed knees compared to contralateral limbs (tibial JIVCC: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; femoral JIVCC: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), confirming MD\u2010Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> NPs as the efficacious magnetic contrast enhancer. The histological characteristics of MD\u2010Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> NPs in JIVCC were revealed. The levels of serum iron before and 4 and 72\u2009h after MD\u2010Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> NP injection were 23.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.13\u2009\u03bcmol\/L, 26.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.30\u2009\u03bcmol\/L, and 24.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.33\u2009\u03bcmol\/L, respectively, indicating that there was no significant difference in safety (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.092). After a volunteer received MD\u2010Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> NPs via intravenous administration, the JIVCC was clearly visualized, laboratory tests of serum iron levels were normal, and no injection\u2010related complications occurred.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A novel compound nanoparticle, which achieved satisfactory overall outcomes, was implemented as an appropriate alternative for the discernible visualization of juxta\u2010articular intraosseous microvessels. The nanotechnology utilized in this study may augment the clinical imaging methodology for the osseous vascular system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.70149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T10:42:12Z","timestamp":1754908932000},"page":"2744-2755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A New Nanotechnology for Imaging the Juxta\u2010Articular Intraosseous Vasculature\u2010Canal Complex and Related Clinical Pilot Studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Dou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tianjin First Central Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Equipment and Materials Tianjin First Central Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaoran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6044-9959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianhao","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of PICC Clinic Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13145"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06171-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-018-0016-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0274-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2021.691362"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13221"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000002815"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100035"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e31824ef21f"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5290-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-020-04564-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13912"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Relationship Between Blood Flow and Collapse of Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head","volume":"104","author":"Zheng G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-022-02183-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.14352"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.14210"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7BM00723J"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-021-00695-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-00802-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119070"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-020-00459-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14112388"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2015.1.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c05088"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2017.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102525"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15182"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140847"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-022-00867-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200220666191016124958"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NR04572F"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12040617"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14030225"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.30872"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am4034526"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2014.924501"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","first-page":"861","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic Parameters and Tissue Distribution of Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in Mice","volume":"5","author":"Wang J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Nanomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-007-9290-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c07180"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030776"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","article-title":"Current Non\u2010Surgical Management of Knee Osteoarthritis","volume":"15","author":"Mintarjo J. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13993"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2014.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1298-3984"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2018.02.005"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/os.70149","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T02:50:06Z","timestamp":1756867806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/os.70149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/os.70149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/os.70149","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-7853","1757-7861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-7853","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-7861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}