{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T10:04:59Z","timestamp":1793095499195,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFB1101404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFB1101404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bone void fillers are essential for successful outcomes in opening\u2010wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO), a procedure that corrects varus knee misalignment and alleviates medial compartment pain. However, the best filler for OWHTO is still uncertain. This study compared the clinical and radiographic results of using three\u2010dimensional\u2010printed (3DP) porous tantalum wedges versus allogeneic chip bone as fillers in OWHTO, aiming to provide a reference for clinical decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This exploratory\u2010retrospective matched\u2010cohort consecutively enrolled study included 20 patients (10 per group) who were treated between January 2020 and December 2022, with Group A (3DP porous tantalum) selected from a large trial and Group B (allogeneic chip bone) matched by age, gender, and varus severity. Inclusion criteria: young, active patients with tibial varus and complete follow\u2010up; exclusions: knee infection, instability, contracture, dislocation, or pan\u2010compartmental osteoarthritis. Postoperatively, early full\u2010weight\u2010bearing rehabilitation was applied, with follow\u2010ups at 6\u2009weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12\u2009months, and annually. Primary outcome: bone healing (modified van Hemert score, standing radiographs). Secondary outcomes: hospital for special surgery knee score (HSS), visual analogue scale (VAS), time to full\u2010weight\u2010bearing walking, and radiographic parameters (joint line convergence angle [JLCA], femur\u2010tibia angle [FTA], hip\u2013knee\u2013ankle angle [HKA], mechanical medial proximal tibial angle [mMPTA], mechanical axis deviation [MAD], weight\u2010bearing line [WBL] ratio, posterior tibial slope [PTS]). Postoperative complications were recorded and compared between both groups. Statistical analyses used the Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test for continuous data and the chi\u2010square test for categorical data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean age was 48.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9\u2009years, with a mean follow\u2010up of 50.0\u2009\u00b1\u20097.0\u2009months (range: 29.4\u201359.0). Group A had significantly higher bone healing scores at 6\u2009weeks, 3 and 6\u2009months (3.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 vs. 1.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0, 3.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 vs. 2.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9, 4.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 vs. 2.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9, respectively, all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), with no difference at 1\u2009year (4.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4 vs. 4.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.075). Time to full\u2010weight\u2010bearing walking was significantly shorter in Group A (18.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.2 vs. 54.4\u2009\u00b1\u200915.3\u2009days;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Both groups showed significant postoperative improvements in VAS, HSS scores, and radiographic parameters (MAD, WBL ratio, mMPTA, HKA; all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01 vs. preoperative values), with no intergroup differences in these metrics (preoperative or postoperative). Overall complication rates were similar (20% vs. 60%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.074), but Group A had a lower incidence of delayed union (0% vs. 40%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011). The statistical power for 1\u2010year bone union grades was 0.65 (G*Power, effect size\u2009=\u20090.883).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3DP porous tantalum wedges in OWHTO accelerate bone healing (up to 6\u2009months), reduce time to full\u2010weight\u2010bearing walking, and lower delayed union rates compared to allogeneic chip bone, thereby establishing them as a promising option for future surgical interventions. Further large\u2010scale, long\u2010term trials are needed to confirm these benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.70173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:21:02Z","timestamp":1760170862000},"page":"3116-3132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Three\u2010Dimensional\u2010Printed Porous Tantalum Wedge Shows Promising Early Results for Opening\u2010Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: A Retrospective Comparative Study With Mean 50\u2010Month Follow\u2010Up"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhenlan","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Joint Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Joint Surgery  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Key Laboratory of Joint Biology  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaquan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Joint Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Joint Surgery  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Key Laboratory of Joint Biology  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Joint Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Joint Surgery  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Key Laboratory of Joint Biology  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Joint Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Joint Surgery  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Key Laboratory of Joint Biology  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Joint Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Joint Surgery  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Key Laboratory of Joint Biology  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7644-2452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Joint Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Joint Surgery  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Key Laboratory of Joint Biology  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1007-1365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangxing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Joint Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Joint Surgery  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Key Laboratory of Joint Biology  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuyou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Joint Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Joint Surgery  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Key Laboratory of Joint Biology  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9884-6905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Joint Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Joint Surgery  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Key Laboratory of Joint Biology  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Chongqing General Hospital  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201110000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200507000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11138\/jts\/2016.4.2.098"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","first-page":"592","article-title":"The Long\u2010Term Outcome of High Tibial Osteotomy: A Ten\u2010 to 20\u2010Year Follow\u2010Up","volume":"90","author":"Akizuki S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5792\/ksrr.18.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465221142868"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2012.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2015.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4297-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-019-05463-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12213"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514525929"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505286144"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200203000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2009.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-003-0588-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2008.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2014.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200301000-00013"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","article-title":"Gap Healing After Medial Open\u2010Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy Using Injectable Beta\u2010Tricalcium Phosphate","volume":"25","author":"Choi W. C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery (Hong Kong)"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5792\/ksrr.2015.27.4.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.98833"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2004.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-008-0781-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31041"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2010.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.8b01094"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2019.103574"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","first-page":"624","article-title":"The Trabecular Metal Monoblock Acetabular Component in Patients With High Congenital Hip Dislocation: A Prospective Study","volume":"92","author":"Macheras G. A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2015.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2018.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000030"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2208"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-019-0231-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2016.9"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","first-page":"7087","article-title":"Osteoinductive Effects of Tantalum and Titanium on Bone Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Bone Formation in Ovariectomized Rats","volume":"22","author":"Lu M. M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad46d2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1234052"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101576"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13484"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198401000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199201000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.983695"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2015.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-014-0663-7"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","first-page":"1788","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of Serial Union Patterns After Opening\u2010Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy With and Without Bone\u2010Void Fillers","volume":"103","author":"Kim S. C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American Volume)"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-06076-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5792\/ksrr.18.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2013.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2681-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-021-00385-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-3983-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2008.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/abd1f8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13402"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13074"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-5254-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-014-2633-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-006-0074-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2023.103700"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.016"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_66_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Are All Hardware Removals Equal?","volume":"30","author":"Galina J. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Surgical Orthopaedic Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12059"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_68_1","first-page":"907","article-title":"Characteristics of Bone Ingrowth and Interface Mechanics of a New Porous Tantalum Biomaterial","volume":"81","author":"Bobyn J. D.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (British Volume)"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13123570"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.00366"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/os.70173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T04:13:24Z","timestamp":1762143204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/os.70173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/os.70173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/os.70173","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-7853","1757-7861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-7853","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-7861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}