{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T20:43:27Z","timestamp":1770065007018,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vertebroplasty with non\u2010degradable polymethyl methacrylate bone cement is a common procedure in spine surgery. However, this bone cement reinforcement of the vertebral body could affect subsequent spinal surgeries, especially for pedicle screw insertion. This study proposes a novel method of inserting pedicle screws into bone cement\u2010reinforced vertebral bodies through thermal softening via Kirschner wires (K\u2010wires) drilling, and conducts preliminary in\u00a0vitro experiments to assess its feasibility and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study includes bone cement block experiments and in\u00a0vitro goat bone experiments. The bone cement block experiment utilized a CNC machine to drill into bone cement blocks with varying K\u2010wire diameters, rotational speeds, and feed rates, followed by the insertion of pedicle screws. The highest temperature during the procedure and the pull\u2010out strength of the pedicle screws were recorded for different groups. A two\u2010way ANOVA was used for comparative analysis. The goat bone experiment consisted of an experimental group and a control group. The control group had screws inserted along the pedicle after drilling. In the experimental group, screws were inserted after softening the old bone cement within the vertebral body using a 3.5\u2009mm\u2009K\u2010wire for drilling. The highest temperature during the procedure was recorded for the experimental group, and pull\u2010out tests were conducted on the screws of both groups after the procedure. The pull\u2010out results from the goat bone experiment were analyzed using Student's\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bone cement block experiment: Drilling with K\u2010wires caused a significant temperature increase in the bone cement blocks, with temperature rises at 4\u2009mm ranging from 28.1\u00b0C to 75.9\u00b0C. The maximum pull\u2010out loads across all groups ranged from 2455.053 to 15201.94\u2009N. In the goat bone experiment, the experimental group showed temperature increases of 8.38\u00b0C\u2009\u00b1\u20093.07\u00b0C beneath the pedicle, 11.18\u00b0C\u2009\u00b1\u20091.42\u00b0C in the spinal canal, and 8.26\u00b0C\u2009\u00b1\u20093.46\u00b0C anterior to the vertebral body during drilling. The average maximum loads for the experimental and control groups were 910.5504\u2009\u00b1\u2009221.6544\u2009N and 294.229\u2009\u00b1\u200940.3475\u2009N, respectively, indicating a statistically significant difference between the two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The experimental results demonstrate that screws can be inserted into bone cement after thermal softening via K\u2010wire drilling, achieving good pull\u2010out resistance. In the goat bone experiment, the average temperature increase around the vertebral body was measured to be below 10\u00b0C, indicating a low risk of thermal damage to the surrounding tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.70230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T02:13:41Z","timestamp":1767320021000},"page":"357-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A New Technique for Placing Pedicle Screws Into Bone Cement\u2010Strengthened Vertebrae Involving Drilling and Melting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yutian","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaoxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaifeng","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caimei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing AKEC Medical Co. Ltd.  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing AKEC Medical Co. Ltd.  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2310-6054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"166","article-title":"Preliminary Note on the Treatment of Vertebral Angioma by Percutaneous Acrylic Vertebroplasty","volume":"33","author":"Galibert P.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000182226.56498.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002728"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07573-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000042"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07694-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0237-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0680-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.102796"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016831"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22603\/ssrr.2020-0009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-05509-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14444\/8441"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2017.0202.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2013.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-017-1941-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25465"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-5403(06)80217-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70171"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","first-page":"583","article-title":"Thermal Tissue Damage Caused by Ultrasonic Cement Removal From the Humerus","volume":"87","author":"Goldberg S. 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