{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T22:33:44Z","timestamp":1786660424063,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pediatric spondylodiscitis is a rare but clinically significant infection affecting the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebral bodies. Diagnostic delays are common due to its nonspecific presentation and the limited sensitivity of conventional microbiological methods. Early and accurate pathogen identification is essential to guide antimicrobial therapy, minimize unnecessary invasive procedures, and prevent long\u2010term sequelae. Traditional diagnostic tools\u2014including laboratory tests, imaging, blood cultures, biopsy, and histopathological evaluation\u2014remain fundamental but are often insufficient, as they may yield nonspecific results or culture\u2010negative cases, particularly after prior antibiotic exposure or infection with fastidious organisms. In recent years, molecular approaches, ranging from polymerase chain reaction assays to metagenomic next\u2010generation sequencing, have markedly improved diagnostic accuracy. These techniques allow rapid and comprehensive pathogen detection, including atypical or previously uncultivable organisms, thereby overcoming many limitations of conventional methods. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on pediatric spondylodiscitis, outlining its epidemiology, clinical features, and the evolving spectrum of diagnostic strategies\u2014from conventional methods to advanced molecular and sequencing\u2010based technologies\u2014while discussing future directions in this challenging field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.70283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T16:52:18Z","timestamp":1773766338000},"page":"607-618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["From Culture to Sequencing: Evolving Strategies for the Diagnosis of Pediatric Spondylodiscitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Viola","family":"Sbampato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology Unit Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1444-2647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmer Ahmad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology Unit Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Tsoupras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology Unit Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"De Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology Unit Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4038-4881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitri","family":"Ceroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology Unit Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/JPC.16175"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJERPH15061195"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/EURREV_201904_17481"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568218799058"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.16748"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12887\u2010023\u201004395\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8040476"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.XNSJ.2023.100270"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104\u201042302005000200019"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000152097.57891.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1388-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200205000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.100B4.BJJ\u20102017\u20101080.R1\/LETTERTOEDITOR"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000003534"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/ARZTEBL.2008.0181"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JIPH.2010.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200311000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001043"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0B013E3181E04DD3"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/CLINIDS\/17.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2008.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.83B1.10865"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1808\u201018512010000400009"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870060-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ARCHDISCHILD\u20102013\u2010305860"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002640050023"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1651\u20102227.2005.TB01832.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033\u20108389(05)70266\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S15010\u2010016\u20100914\u2010Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.104B1.BJJ\u20102021\u20100848.R2"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/RADIOLOGY.218.1.R01JA06211"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/S\u20100043\u20101764491\/ID\/JR2291933\u201018\/BIB"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.0109\/ASSET\/IMAGES\/00_05_0109_02.JPEG"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.01.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11010011"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019\u20101509"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866\u2010023\u201003046\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03598\u201023"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FCIMB.2025.1593228\/BIBTEX"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01064\u201024"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FCIMB.2020.00471\/BIBTEX"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clm.12031"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17040539"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000003745"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2006.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922816629620"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ANTIBIOTICS10010030"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00381\u2010019\u201004470\u2010Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199312000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199105000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679308994523"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_54_1","first-page":"1122","article-title":"Spondylodiscitis in Children: A Retrospective Series","volume":"93","author":"Chandrasenan J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (British Volume)"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0B013E3181C8C60B"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000725"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000643"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00402\u2010007\u20100316\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.CC.23.00593"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.1299"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00247\u2010009\u20101357\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0B013E32834D3E94"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10096\u2010025\u201005292\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/PEDS.2024\u2010066855\/197590"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00475"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200007010-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FPED.2022.1046254"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182a6df50"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq303"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0936-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00330\u2010024\u201011125\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199708010-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.2013.6293"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/RADIOLOGY.182.3.1535888"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00247\u2010010\u20101557\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001267"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.23.00564"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/J.SEMNUCLMED.2022.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000026"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6994"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/AJNR.A8630"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.101B3.BJJ\u20102018\u20100491.R2\/LETTERTOEDITOR"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004743"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00986\u201025;WEBSITE:WEBSITE:ASMJ;ISSUE:ISSUE:DOI"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201006759\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000005148"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_88_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"The Role of DNA Amplification Technology in the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases","volume":"163","author":"Louie M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199703001-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02886\u201015;JOURNAL:JOURNAL:JCM;ISSUE:ISSUE:DOI"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/CID\/CIR692"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000003314"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_94_1","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease","author":"Both A.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00362\u201012"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MIMET.2020.105854"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01518\u201023"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/JMM.0.028373\u20100\/CITE\/REFWORKS"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1280878"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/INFDIS\/JIZ151"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10096\u2010014\u20102263\u2010Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MIMET.2018.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CCA.2014.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00505\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01657\u201010"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2017.1376254"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181d4732f"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000259954.88139.f4"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47707-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_110_1","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology","author":"Yan W.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_111_1","first-page":"320","article-title":"Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction","volume":"3","author":"Burgart L.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Modern Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy381"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.DIAGMICROBIO.2020.115002"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FCIMB.2024.1394352\/BIBTEX"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJMM.2023.151588"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00621\u201025"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piad089"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EOR\u201022\u20100136"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/OFID\/OFAB104"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010021\u201007026\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/CID\/CIX881"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02916\u201020"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010pathmechdis\u2010012418\u2010012751"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576\u2010019\u20100113\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/CLINCHEM\/HVAA183"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2016.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03385\u201014"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/CLINCHEM.2016.258806"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix596"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01605\u201013"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CMI.2016.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/BIOMEDICINES9080910"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/ARPA.2016\u20100539\u2010RA"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/JPIDS\/PIAB104"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564\u2010018\u20100349\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/DIAGNOSTICS12122932"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012\u20100810"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/os.70283","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/os.70283","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/os.70283","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T01:52:09Z","timestamp":1775613129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/os.70283"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"references-count":136,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/os.70283"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/os.70283","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-7853","1757-7861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-7853","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-7861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}