{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T04:50:23Z","timestamp":1777956623911,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L232127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L232127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While paraspinal muscle degeneration is closely linked to lumbar disc herniation (LDH), the relationship between radicular compression and paraspinal muscle degeneration remains controversial, and evidence regarding the effect of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) on paraspinal muscle degeneration is limited. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between radicular compression and paraspinal muscle degeneration in LDH patients and to evaluate postoperative changes in paraspinal muscles following PELD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 185 patients with single\u2010level L4\u20105 LDH complicated by unilateral nerve root compression who underwent PELD between January 2020 and January 2023 were retrospectively enrolled. Preoperative and postoperative L3\u2013S1 T2\u2010weighted MRI scans were acquired. Paraspinal muscle cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) and fat infiltration (FI) were measured using ImageJ, and total CSA (TCSA) and functional CSA (FCSA) were calculated. Paired\u2010samples\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests for bilateral paraspinal muscle differences and pre\u2010 to postoperative parameter changes; Spearman correlation analysis for continuous variable correlations; independent\u2010samples\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests, chi\u2010square tests or one\u2010way ANOVA for intergroup comparisons. A two\u2010tailed\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of this cohort, 108 patients completed the 3\u2010month postoperative follow\u2010up, and 29 underwent longitudinal follow\u2010up for over 12\u2009months. At the L3\u20135 level, the CSA on the compression side was lower than that on the non\u2010compression side. At the L5\u2013S1 level, the CSA and FI on the compressed side were greater than those on the opposite side. After PELD surgery, the CSA of the paraspinal muscles significantly increased, and the FI significantly decreased on the compression side. The duration of lower extremity pain (LEP) was positively correlated with the FI of the multifidus (MF) and erector spinae (ES) at all three levels; moreover, on the compression side, the correlation coefficient increased with decreasing segment length.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Degeneration of the multifidus and erector spinae muscles, especially the FI, is significantly associated with nerve root compression. Moreover, the duration of LEP is meaningful for assessing paraspinal muscle degeneration. Paraspinal muscle degeneration significantly improved after PELD, and longer preoperative LEP duration was associated with greater improvement in FI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/os.70319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T08:25:43Z","timestamp":1776068743000},"page":"1010-1019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Degeneration of the Paraspinal Muscles and Nerve Root Compression in Lumbar Disc Herniation Patients Who Underwent Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Siming","family":"Xian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Bioadaptable Orthopedic Implants  Beijing China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine  Beijing China"},{"name":"Peking University Third Clinical College, Peking University Health Science Center  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Bioadaptable Orthopedic Implants  Beijing China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zekun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Bioadaptable Orthopedic Implants  Beijing China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine  Beijing China"},{"name":"Peking University Third Clinical College, Peking 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