{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T07:48:38Z","timestamp":1698738518541},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,4]],"date-time":"2013-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pacing Clinical Electrophis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cavotricuspid isthmus\u2010dependent atrial flutter (AFL) can occur in a paroxysmal or persistent pattern. The aim of this study was to identify clinical, echocardiographic, and electrophysiological risk factors independently associated with persistence of AFL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients of the recently published AURUM 8 study with paroxysmal versus persistent AFL were compared with respect to clinical and echocardiographic baseline characteristics as well as procedural parameters. The AURUM 8 study is a randomized, multicenter clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of gold versus platinum\u2010iridium 8\u2010mm\u2010tip ablation. AFL was paroxysmal in 218 patients and persistent in 210 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Univariate analysis revealed that patients with persistent AFL had higher New York Heart Association class (P = 0.002), shorter time since 1st AFL episode (median 0.18 vs 0.34, P = 0.037), a higher prevalence of previous coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (17% vs 9%, P = 0.02), left ventricular hypertrophy (17% vs 8%, P = 0.005), dyspnea during AFL (P &lt; 0.001), mitral regurgitation (P = 0.002), tricuspid regurgitation (P = 0.049), and pulmonary hypertension (P = 0.01). Palpitations during AFL were less frequent in patients with persistent AFL (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, weight, AFL diagnosis after initiation of class IC or III antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation, history of left ventricular hypertrophy, dyspnea during AFL and mitral regurgitation on echocardiography were significant independent variables associated with persistent AFL. A history of atrial fibrillation and palpitations during AFL were independently associated with paroxysmal AFL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We were able to identify clinical and echocardiographic risk factors associated with persistence of typical AFL. Treatment of these risk factors can potentially not only prevent the transition from paroxysmal to persistent AFL, but maybe also the development or initiation of AFL in general.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,4]],"date-time":"2013-02-04T18:16:04Z","timestamp":1360001764000},"page":"194-202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Differences in Clinical and Echocardiographic Parameters between Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Flutter in the AURUM 8 Study: Targets for Prevention of Persistent Arrhythmia?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"LARS","family":"LICKFETT","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ERICA","family":"MITTMANN\u2010BRAUN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CHRISTIAN","family":"WEISS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum L\u00fcneburg  L\u00fcneburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SEBASTIAN","family":"SPENCKER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DRK Kliniken K\u00f6penick  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"WERNER","family":"JUNG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schwarzwald\u2010Baar\u2010Klinikum  Villingen\u2010Schwenningen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"WILHELM","family":"HAVERKAMP","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Campus Virchow Klinikum  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"STEPHAN","family":"WILLEMS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4res Herzzentrum Hamburg  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"THOMAS","family":"DENEKE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herz\u2010 und Gef\u00e4\u00df\u2010Klinik Bad Neustadt\/Saale  Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JOSEF","family":"KAUTZNER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MICHAEL","family":"WIEDEMANN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helios Herzrhythmus\u2010Zentrum Berlin Brandenburg  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00dcRGEN","family":"SIEBELS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elektrophysiologie Bremen am Klinikum Links der Weser  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HEINZ F.","family":"PITSCHNER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kerckhoff Klinik  Bad Nauheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ELLEN","family":"HOFFMANN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herzentrum M\u00fcnchen\u2010Bogenhausen  M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GERD","family":"HINDRICKS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herzzentrum Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MARKUS","family":"ZABEL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsmedizin G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ERNST","family":"VESTER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evangelisches Krankenhaus  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HARALD","family":"SCHWACKE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diakonissen\u2010Stiftungs\u2010Krankenhaus Speyer  Speyer Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JOHANNES V.","family":"LEYEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotronik SE &amp; Co. 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