{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:55:21Z","timestamp":1790272521128,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]],"date-time":"2013-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pacing Clinical Electrophis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stability of threshold currents during long\u2010term use of phrenic nerve stimulation has been questioned.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between January 5, 1988, and March 5, 2008, 49 patients with functional C2\u2010tetraplegia received an Atrostim PNS (Atrotech Ltd., Tampere, Finland) as treatment of their respiratory insufficiency; a follow\u2010up of 35 of such patients was carried out exclusively in our institution for 6.3 (4.44) 0.04\u201315.75 years (mean [standard deviation (SD)] range). The device employed four\u2010pole sequential nerve stimulation, which provided four threshold currents subsequently evaluated for each phrenic nerve. Stimulation data were prospectively recorded. The differences between threshold currents recorded 1 year after implantation and the last recorded values were 0.33\u20130.43 (0.44\u20130.63) 0\u20132.9 mA. After having excluded the data of eight patients with values &gt;1 mA (= mean + SD), we registered the differences for the remaining patients of 0.15\u20130.24 (0.14\u20130.24) 0\u20130.95 mA, which is just twice the adjustment accuracy of the device. Out of the eight problem cases one had, and two were suspected to have, surgical trauma; all three nerves recovered. In two cases the values steadily increasing over years might have been caused by unspecific foreign body reaction. Two cases with values &gt;1mA for different durations at different electrodes might be caused by biofilm, and one patient displaying steadily increasing values lived, unwilling to live, only 2 years after the implantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thus, there was no permanent nerve injury and in 77% of the presented cases threshold currents remained stable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]],"date-time":"2013-01-10T20:17:29Z","timestamp":1357849049000},"page":"714-718","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Threshold Currents of Platinum Electrodes used for Functional Electrical Stimulation of the Phrenic Nerves for Treatment of Central Apnea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"SVEN","family":"HIRSCHFELD","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spinal Cord Injuries BG Trauma Hospital Hamburg Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HENDRYK","family":"VIEWEG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spinal Cord Injuries BG Trauma Hospital Hamburg Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology\/Neuroradiology, Westk\u00fcstenklinikum Heide Academic Teaching Hospital of the Universities of Kiel, Luebeck, and Hamburg Heide Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ARNDT P.","family":"SCHULZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics BG Trauma Hospital Hamburg Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ROLAND","family":"THIETJE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spinal Cord Injuries BG Trauma Hospital Hamburg Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GERHARD A.","family":"BAER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spinal Cord Injuries BG Trauma Hospital Hamburg Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine University of Tampere Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"817","article-title":"Further experience with electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve: Electrically induced fatigue","volume":"68","author":"Sato G","year":"1970","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(76)81051-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Implanted Phrenic Nerve Stimulators for Respiratory Insufficiency","author":"Salmons S","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198405033101804"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410170302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02441674"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2340\/165019951990107111","article-title":"Phrenic nerve stimulation in tetraplegia. A new regimen to condition the diaphragm for full\u2010time respiration","volume":"22","author":"Baer GA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil.Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197605000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1986.tb06627.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2002.00897.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Functional Electrical Stimulation for Paralysed Respiratory Muscles","author":"Exner G","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Einf\u00fchrung in die medizinische Statistik","author":"Hilgers R\u2010D.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0940-9_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2011.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1988.tb06360.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/139.4.974"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1996.tb04209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06232.x"}],"container-title":["Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpace.12073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pace.12073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T16:48:54Z","timestamp":1745945334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pace.12073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pace.12073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pace.12073","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-8389","1540-8159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-8389","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]}}}