{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:01:13Z","timestamp":1780318873722,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pacing Clinical Electrophis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate time course and predictors of progression of paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) to permanent AF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 460 patients referred for paroxysmal (n\u00a0= 337) or persistent (n\u00a0= 123) AF between 1994 and 2012. Mean follow\u2010up was 13.2\u00a0\u00b1 6.5\u00a0years. AF progression rate was 3.7% per year, 19.7% at 5\u00a0years, and 38.1% at 10\u00a0years. Lone AF was diagnosed in 217 patients (47%). Predictors of permanent AF were: age, persistent AF, left atrial (LA) size, left ventricular\u2010fractional shortening (LV\u2010FS), lack of antiarrhythmic (AA) drugs, VVI pacing (P\u00a0&lt; 0.001 for all), and valvular disease (P\u00a0&lt; 0.02). Independent predictors were age (P\u00a0&lt; 0.001), persistent AF (P\u00a0&lt; 0.001), LA diameter (P\u00a0&lt; 0.005), lack of AA drugs (P\u00a0&lt; 0.005), and VVI pacing (P\u00a0&lt; 0.01). When adjusted at means of covariates, persistent AF and age &gt;75\u00a0years remained highly significant (P\u00a0&lt; 0.01). LA dimension &gt;50 mm was highly significant at univariate model (P\u00a0&lt; 0.001) but to a lesser extent when adjusted (P\u00a0&lt; 0.05). In patients with paroxysmal AF\u2014with age\u00a0&lt;75\u00a0years\u2014on AA drugs, progression rate to permanent AF was 6.5% at 5\u00a0years and 23.7% at 10\u00a0years. Among four predictors (age, LA size, LV\u2010FS, and VVI pacing), only age (P\u00a0&lt; 0.01) and LA size (P\u00a0&lt; 0.005) remained independently significant, but LA size was not significant when adjusted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Progression to permanent AF is a slow process. Aging, LA size, VVI pacing, lack of AA therapy, and a persistent form of AF independently increased the progression to permanent AF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T22:57:46Z","timestamp":1384469866000},"page":"345-355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Evaluation of Time Course and Predicting Factors of Progression of Paroxysmal or Persistent Atrial Fibrillation to Permanent Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"ANTONIO","family":"DE SISTI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhythmology Department, Parly II Private Hospital  Le Chesnay France"},{"name":"Rhythmology Unit Clinique Paul Picquet  Sens France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JEAN F.","family":"LECLERCQ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhythmology Department, Parly II Private Hospital  Le Chesnay 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