{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:52:38Z","timestamp":1780465958467,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,16]],"date-time":"2014-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pacing Clinical Electrophis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection is a major complication that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Recent data suggested a relationship between the antiseptic agent used for skin preparation at time of CIED procedure and risk for infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>On April 30, 2011, we changed the antiseptic agent used for skin preparation at our tertiary care facility from chlorhexidine\u2010alcohol to povidone\u2010iodine for all CIED procedures. We retrospectively reviewed records of all patients who underwent CIED procedure 1 year before and after the change. CIED infection was defined as pocket or endovascular systemic infection that required removal within 1 year of the index procedure. We examined if the change affected the risk of CIED infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 2,792 patients underwent 2,840 CIED procedures; 1,748 (61.5%) had implantable cardioverter defibrillator procedures and 1,092 (38.4%) had permanent pacemaker procedures. Chlorhexidine\u2010alcohol agent was used in 1,450 (51.1%) procedures, and povidone\u2010iodine agent was used in 1,390 (48.9%). After 1 year of follow\u2010up, 31 patients (1.09%) developed CIED infection that required system removal. The 1\u2010year infection rate was 1.1% among both antiseptic agent groups and there were no significant differences in the infection presentations among both groups (P = 0.950). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that risk factors for infection within 1 year included age, diabetes, and African American race.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In one large cohort of patients undergoing CIED procedures, the antiseptic agent used for skin preparation (chlorhexidine\u2010alcohol vs povidone\u2010iodine) was not associated with increased risk of developing CIED infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,16]],"date-time":"2014-09-16T09:19:31Z","timestamp":1410859171000},"page":"240-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The Impact of Changing Antiseptic Skin Preparation Agent used for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) Procedures on the Risk of Infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"MOHAMMED","family":"QINTAR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"OMEED","family":"ZARDKOOHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Cadence Physician Group  Winfield Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MUHAMMAD","family":"HAMMADAH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AMY","family":"HSU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Heart and Vascular Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"OUSSAMA","family":"WAZNI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Heart and Vascular Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BRUCE L.","family":"WILKOFF","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Heart and Vascular Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KHALDOUN G.","family":"TARAKJI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Heart and Vascular Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland 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