{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:12:26Z","timestamp":1790187146125,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,21]],"date-time":"2014-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000871","name":"Mayo Clinic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"TYRX Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pacing Clinical Electrophis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Device infection is associated with increased mortality in patients receiving cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) therapy. However, long\u2010term mortality associated with CIED infections has not been systematically analyzed in larger studies. This study sought to determine the long\u2010term mortality associated with CIED infection in a large cohort of Medicare beneficiaries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used a retrospective study design to analyze 3\u2010year mortality in 200,219 Medicare fee\u2010for\u2010service patients admitted for CIED generator implantation, replacement, or revision between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2007. Multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, race, and 28 comorbidities was performed to determine the relative risk (RR) of death in the 12 quarters following CIED infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with CIED infection, compared to device recipients without infection, had increased mortality that persisted for at least 3 years after the admission quarter for all device types: pacemakers (PMs: 53.8% vs 33%; P &lt; 0.001), implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD: 47.7% vs 31.6%; P &lt; 0.001), and cardiac resynchronization therapy\u2010defibrillator (CRT\u2010D: 50.8% vs 36.5%; P &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for patient demographics and comorbidities, significantly increased RR of death following CIED infection persisted for at least 3 years following PM infection, and for at least 2 years with single\u2010 and dual\u2010chamber ICD infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CIED recipients who develop device infection have increased, device\u2010dependent, long\u2010term mortality even after successful treatment of infection. The etiology of this persistent increased risk of death associated with CIED infection is unknown and merits further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,22]],"date-time":"2014-09-22T06:09:13Z","timestamp":1411366153000},"page":"231-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Increased Long\u2010Term Mortality in Patients with Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"MUHAMMAD","family":"RIZWAN SOHAIL","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic College of Medicine  Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHARLES A.","family":"HENRIKSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knight Cardiovascular Insitute Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MARY","family":"JO BRAID\u2010FORBES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Braid\u2010Forbes Health Research  Silver Spring Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KEVIN F.","family":"FORBES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Braid\u2010Forbes Health Research  Silver Spring Maryland"},{"name":"Catholic University of America  Washington DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DANIEL J.","family":"LERNER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TYRX Inc Monmouth Junction  New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.441"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.11.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2010.02941.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.01.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192665"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199801000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000118861.56848.ee"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-8-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"HCUPComorbidity Software. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP).2008Rockville MD Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Available at:http:\/\/www.hcup\u2010us.ahrq.gov\/toolssoftware\/comorbidity\/comorbidity.jsp(accessed June 1 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Modelling Binary Data","author":"Collett D","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511811852"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2006.00307.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-010-9537-x"}],"container-title":["Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpace.12518","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pace.12518","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T03:13:29Z","timestamp":1696216409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pace.12518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,21]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pace.12518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pace.12518","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-8389","1540-8159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-8389","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,21]]}}}