{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:41:17Z","timestamp":1792658477810,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]],"date-time":"2017-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pacing Clinical Electrophis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Symptomatic sinus node dysfunction (SND) consists of a variety of manifestations, including tachycardia\u2010bradycardia syndrome. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is commonly associated with SND, which complicates the management of both conditions. This paper reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical trial data investigating therapeutic approaches for treatment of patients with both SND and AF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors reviewed articles published in English describing the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches for patients with SND and AF. The search was conducted using PubMed. Keywords included: sick sinus syndrome, sinus node dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, pacing, and pulmonary vein isolation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SND affects up to one in five patients with AF. AF can lead to anatomical and electrophysiological remodeling in both atria, including the region of sinoatrial node. Changes including atrial fibrosis, altered calcium channel metabolism, and transformed gene expression have been demonstrated in patients with AF and SND. Nonrandomized clinical trial data have failed to demonstrate whether any pacing strategy can reduce the risk of AF. Pulmonary vein isolation appears to decrease episodes of tachybrady syndrome and sinus pauses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SND affects up to one in five patients with AF. The pathophysiological derangements in gene expression, ion channel metabolism, and alterations in myocardial architecture associated with AF may lead to anatomic and electrical changes in the region of the sinoatrial node. Ablation may improve symptoms associated with SND in patients with AF. Future randomized trials are needed to clarify the epidemiology and optimal management of patients with SND and AF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]],"date-time":"2017-02-03T11:41:41Z","timestamp":1486122101000},"page":"442-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Sinus Node Dysfunction and Atrial Fibrillation: A Reversible Phenomenon?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"suffix":"II","given":"LARRY R.","family":"JACKSON","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute"},{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BHARATH","family":"RATHAKRISHNAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York City New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KRISTEN","family":"CAMPBELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KEVIN L.","family":"THOMAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute"},{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JONATHAN P.","family":"PICCINI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute"},{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TRISTRAM","family":"BAHNSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adult Cardiac Electrophysiology Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JONATHAN A.","family":"STIBER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JAMES P.","family":"DAUBERT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute"},{"name":"Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York City New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12340"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.03279.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000090685.13169.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115184"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(91)90005-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(93)90062-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.03.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"1725","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of sick sinus syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Adan V","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.595140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.18.2370"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22504"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2008.01290.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.019893"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00258-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2011.02140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2007.00941.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI84669"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2008.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.110.960807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.616011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1983.03340160046030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00178-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.20.2503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.7.1600"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2015.45.3.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eus219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2953"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2003.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00734.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005113421902"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001644"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2012.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu165"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut159"}],"container-title":["Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpace.13030","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pace.13030","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T01:33:50Z","timestamp":1696210430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pace.13030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pace.13030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pace.13030","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-8389","1540-8159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-8389","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]]}}}