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This study is focused on exploring the potential relationship between short\u2010term air pollution exposure and occurrence of AF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2010crossover design was used to investigate the effect of pollutants on AF occurrence among 100 patients from 2013 to 2014. The air pollutants included ambient particulate matter less than 2.5 \u03bcm in aerodynamic diameter (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>), particulate matter less than 10 \u03bcm in aerodynamic diameter (PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), sulfur dioxide (SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>). Participants with cardiac implantable electronic devices implanted were followed\u2010up to December 31, 2014.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 10 \u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> increase of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> was associated with 3.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4\u20136.2) and 2.7% (95% CI: 0.6\u20134.8) increase in the risk of AF occurrence, respectively. No statistically significant association was noted with SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, CO, and O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Short\u2010term exposure to particular matter, both PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, is associated with an increased risk of AF. This further demonstrates the urgency for air quality monitoring and control in geographical area with intense pollution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T05:28:37Z","timestamp":1537248517000},"page":"1441-1446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Effects of the short\u2010term exposure to ambient air pollution on atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9154-5898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaole","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dehui","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanbo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taibo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang'an","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongjie","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2004.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.534735"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61774-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.18.2370"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.595140"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi825"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.86.3.284"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2016.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-304963"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"CalkinsH BrugadaJ PackerDL et\u00a0al. 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