{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T06:58:18Z","timestamp":1792479498528,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pacing Clinical Electrophis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little data are available about radiation exposure during cardiac electrical device implantation, and no dose reference levels have been published. This multicenter, prospective, observational study assesses patient and staff radiation exposure during cardiac device implantations, and aims at defining dose reference levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patient demographic, procedural, and radiation data were obtained for 657 procedures from nine institutions. Physician and staff exposure were measured using real\u2010time dosimeters worn beneath and above lead apron. Statistical analysis included fluoroscopy time (FT), dose\u2010area product (DAP), and DAP adjusted for FT and body mass index.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pacemakers and cardioverter defibrillators were implanted in 481 and 176 patients, respectively. Of these, 152 were treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Median FTs were 837s (interquartile range [IQR]: 480\u20101323), 117s (IQR: 69\u2010209), and 101s (IQR: 58\u2010162), and median DAPs were 1410 (IQR: 807\u20102601), 150 (IQR: 72\u2010338), and 129 (IQR: 72\u2010332) cGy.cm\u00b2 for biventricular, dual chamber, and ventricular device implantation, respectively. Dose reference levels correspond to the third quartile values. During CRT, higher exposure was observed with four X\u2010ray systems than with the two newer and customizable ones (adjusted DAP of 0.90 [IQR: 0.26\u20101.01] and 0.29 [IQR: 0.23\u20100.39], respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on real\u2010life measurements, this multicenter registry provides dose reference levels and may help centers assess radiation exposure. Although biventricular device implantation was responsible for the highest radiation exposure, FT was meaningfully shortened compared to previously reported values. For a same FT, the use of new generators and custom settings has significantly reduced DAP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T15:00:52Z","timestamp":1573484452000},"page":"87-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Radiation exposure during cardiac device implantation: Lessons learned from a multicenter registry"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3104-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Bru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Groupe Hospitalier de la Rochelle R\u00e9 Aunis  La Rochelle 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