{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T11:48:00Z","timestamp":1776426480650,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pacing Clinical Electrophis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Very little is known about the long\u2010term prevalence of severe venous obstruction and occlusion in patients with transvenous implantable cardioverter\u2010defibrillator leads. The objective of the current investigation was to elucidate the incidence and prevalence and to identify predisposing conditions in an ICD cohort over a long follow\u2010up period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on a prospective database, we analyzed consecutive patients who received an ICD implantation in our hospital between 06\/1988 and 2009 as well as all corresponding follow\u2010up data until 02\/2018. Cavographies were used for analysis, and all patients with at least one device replacement and one follow\u2010up cavography were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over a mean follow\u2010up period of 94 \u00b1 50 months, severe venous obstruction was found in 147 (33%) of 448 patients. Kaplan\u2010Meier analysis shows a severe obstruction or occlusion in 50% of patients after a period of 14.3 years. The total number of leads (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001, HR 2.01, CI 2.000\u20132.022), an advanced age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.004, HR 1.023 per year, CI 1.022\u20131.024) and the presence of dilated cardiomyopathy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.035, HR 1.49, CI 1.47\u20131.51) were predictive of venous obstruction whereas the presence of anticoagulation was not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe obstruction of the access veins after ICD implantation occurs frequently and its prevalence shows a nearly linear increase over long\u2010time follow\u2010up. Multiple leads, an advanced age and DCM as underlying disease are associated with an increased risk of venous obstruction while the role of anticoagulation to prevent venous obstruction in ICD patients is unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.14266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T18:37:38Z","timestamp":1620758258000},"page":"1027-1032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Long\u2010term incidence of upper extremity venous obstruction in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0698-7056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fritz W.","family":"Horlbeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2013Cardiology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Eckerth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2013Cardiology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Linhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2013Cardiology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2013Angiology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Jakob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Ludwig Maximilian\u2010University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Pingel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2013Cardiology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Klarmann\u2010Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Nickenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2013Cardiology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joerg O.","family":"Schwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic and Interventional Cardiology Beta Clinic Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euv391"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2007.00650.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.001878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2006.00489.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00015385.2017.1281545"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/42317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-010-9516-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2002.01301.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eum019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890802498961"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2002.01605.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1553351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-005-1140-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis and stenosis after implantation of pacemakers and defibrillators; a prospective study","volume":"55","author":"Safi M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rom J Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.114195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.04081.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eupc.2003.09.001"}],"container-title":["Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pace.14266","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pace.14266","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pace.14266","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T12:31:09Z","timestamp":1692880269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pace.14266"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pace.14266"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pace.14266","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-8389","1540-8159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-8389","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}