{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T21:17:09Z","timestamp":1793222229478,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pacing Clinical Electrophis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Left atrial appendage (LAA) closure has become the standard of care for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) at high risk of thromboembolism who are intolerant or unwilling to take anticoagulants. LAA occlusion device infection is a challenging complication, and there is a paucity of data on the management and outcomes of LAA occlusion device infection. We aimed to summarize the existing literature and highlight the knowledge gap in this area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A detailed search was conducted through the databases PubMed\/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central using the relevant keywords. All cases with presented data regarding diagnosis, treatment, and outcome were included from the reports.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis included 12 case reports encompassing a total of 12 patients. The mean age was 73.6 \u00b1 11.0 years, and 50% of the cases were male. The most commonly implanted device was the Watchman (in eight of the 12 cases). The median time between LAA closure and infection was 6.6 (0.2\u201336) months. Transesophageal echocardiography was diagnostic in all cases, and positron emission tomography\/computed tomography (PET\/CT) was useful in diagnosis in three cases. The most common pathogen was <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7). The LAAC device was removed in seven cases; one patient refused surgery, and in the other three cases, removal of the device was not considered appropriate due to the patient's poor condition. Data on whether the device was removed could not be retrieved for one patient. Mortality occurred in three cases (25%), and all deaths occurred during hospitalization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>LAA closure device infections are rare but carry a high risk of complications and mortality. Treatment should include device removal in appropriate cases, and antibiotherapy alone should be considered only in selected cases. Further studies are needed to clarify diagnostic and treatment strategies based on the causative pathogens and patient status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.15184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T01:03:43Z","timestamp":1743383023000},"page":"492-499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Current Perspective on Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device Infections: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5151-5133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf Ziya","family":"Sener","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Thoraxcentrum, Erasmus MC  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9258-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumeyye Fatma","family":"Ozer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Karaman Training and Research Hospital  Karaman Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7673-7928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gizem","family":"Karahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology University of Health Sciences Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital  Istanbul Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2022.100136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytae157"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Complications From Left Atrial Appendage Exclusion Devices","volume":"7","author":"Perrotta L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Atrial Fibrillation"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytac434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.105906"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv730"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.case.2020.01.008"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"565","article-title":"Transesophageal Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Left Atrial Appendage Occluder Device Infection","volume":"9","author":"Khumri T. M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Echocardiography"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14010065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.121.013549"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024345"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000005341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11113063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874440001711010026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-020-01623-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"3rd: Large Cystic Intracardiac Mass Overlying Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Device: A Case Report and Literature Review","volume":"5","author":"Joury A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"CASE (Phila)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrcr.2021.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.729786"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(22)04405-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Watchman Endocarditis: A Novel Complication","volume":"95","author":"Chaus A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions"}],"container-title":["Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pace.15184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T10:44:49Z","timestamp":1746787489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pace.15184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pace.15184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pace.15184","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-8389","1540-8159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-8389","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}