{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T18:26:51Z","timestamp":1773080811778,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pacing Clinical Electrophis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Contact force (CF)\u2010dependent pulse field electroporation (PFE) may generate tissue heating, affecting junctional rhythm at the triangle of Koch (ToK) in a clinical setting. PFE may also disrupt calcium homeostasis, causing calcium electroporation (CE) for some Joule heating. The impact of CF on PFE and CE for electrode temperature (ET) at the ToK has not been validated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A CF\u2010sensing catheter with an ET probe was positioned perpendicularly on dissected ToK from 12 swine. PFE was applied in four groups: low CF\u2010calcium chloride (CC, 5.0\u00a0mM; LCF\u2010CC, 2\u201310\u00a0g), high CF\u2010CC (HCF\u2010CC, 11\u201350\u00a0g), LCF\u2010saline solution (SS; CF\u2010SS, 2\u201310\u00a0g), and HCF\u2010SS (11\u201350\u00a0g). ET changes derived from (LCF\u2010CC minus LCF\u2010SS) and (HCF\u2010SS minus LCF\u2010SS) was operationally defined as dominant CE (DCE) and PEF (DPFE) components, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fewer time\u2010temperature curves with straight, abrupt surge (AS) followed by sudden descent (SD) were observed in LCF\u2010CC versus other groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.001). The delayed AS\u2010maximal temperature (MT) curve is almost absent in the LCF\u2010SS versus LCF\u2010CC group (6.3% vs. 70.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.001). The highest \u25b3AS\u2010MT was detected in HCF\u2010CC and LCF\u2010CC groups (4.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7\u00b0C vs. 4.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0\u00b0C,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a00.37). \u25b3\u25b3AS\u2010MT was larger from DCE than the DPFE effect (1.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0\u00b0C vs. 0.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4\u00b0C,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.001). Although \u25b3SD\u2010MT was similar in DCE and DPFE groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt;\u00a00.05), \u25b3\u25b3SD\u2010MT (resistance to \u25b3SD\u2010MT) was more prominent in DCE (0.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5 vs. \u22120.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.05). More extensive \u25b3SD\u2010MT\/duration was synchronously changed with short duration in LCF\u2010CC or HCF\u2010SS versus HCF\u2010CC, and DCE group (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The in vitro model showed biphasic ET changes (initial rise followed by decline) correlated with CF\u2010dependent CE and PFE. CF significantly modulated ET dynamics while maintaining safe thermal thresholds. Further studies should clarify how this biphasic pattern affects junctional rhythm generation in vivo conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.70013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T17:39:43Z","timestamp":1752773983000},"page":"843-851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thermal Profile of Contact Force Dependent Pulse Field Electroporation Beyond Calcium Electroporation at the Koch Triangle"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Yiqi","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Center Ningbo University  Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2791-6831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huimin","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Center The First 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