{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:14:42Z","timestamp":1788498882733,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3601303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3601303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pacing Clinical Electrophis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients with low CHA2DS2\u2010VASc scores still have a risk of atrial thrombus formation. This study aims to identify these patients' risk factors for intracardiac thrombus or sludge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study of 919 consecutive hospitalized NVAF or atrial flutter patients with a CHA2DS2\u2010Vas score \u2264 1 (male) and \u2264 2 (female) who underwent transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) before catheter ablation at Beijing An Zhen Hospital from November 2016 to December 2017. We collected the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of the patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Excluding seven patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 919 patients, including 17 identified left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus\/sludge and 902 without LAA thrombus\/sludge, were included. Among 17 patients with LAA thrombus\/sludge, 16 (94.1%) had non\u2010paroxysmal AF. A subgroup analysis was conducted in 403 non\u2010paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. 87.8% had spontaneous echo contrast (SEC), 59.3% had severe or more severe SEC, and 4.0% had thrombus\/sludge. In the multivariable model, female (odds ratio [OR] 4.612, 95% [CI] 1.454\u201314.627,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.009) and LA diameter \u2265 45\u00a0mm (OR 13.340, [CI] 3.601, 49.415,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) remained significantly independently associated with LAA thrombus\/sludge.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among patients with NVAF and CHA2DS2\u2010VASc scores \u2264 1 (male) and \u2264 2 (female), those non\u2010paroxysmal AF patients who were female and had an LA \u2265 45\u00a0mm still had a risk of LAA thrombus\/sludge formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.70285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T10:20:38Z","timestamp":1778667638000},"page":"1255-1260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus\/Sludge and Flow Velocity in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Low CHA2DS2\u2010VASc Scores"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6072-5861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue\u2010Yuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song\u2010Nan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ri\u2010Bo","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5421-4421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cai\u2010Hua","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De\u2010Yong","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases  Beijing 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