{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T09:00:11Z","timestamp":1785056411285,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pacing Clinical Electrophis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Radiofrequency\u2010powered and inductively coupled semi\u2010implanted pacemakers offered an early alternative to battery\u2010powered implantable pulse generators by transferring energy across intact skin to a small, implanted receiver. This review summarizes key clinical and engineering developments from the first reported radiofrequency\u2010powered pacing in 1959 through subsequent refinements and commercial implementations, including the Cutler\u2010Hammer and Cordis Transicor RF systems, and it places these efforts alongside the Abrams\/Lightwood inductively coupled device commercialized by Joseph Lucas Ltd. These systems reduced implanted size and allowed external servicing, but they imposed major human factors and safety constraints because pacing depended on correct placement and continuous operation of external hardware. As implantable\u2010grade batteries, hermetic packaging, and lead technology improved, fully implantable pacemakers became clinically dominant. The historical experience nonetheless established durable principles of transcutaneous energy transfer that continue to inform modern externally powered implantable therapies where brief interruptions are clinically tolerable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.70377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T08:08:40Z","timestamp":1785053320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Forgotten History of Semi\u2010Implanted Radiofrequency\u2010 and Inductive\u2010Powered Cardiac Pacing Systems"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9913-1717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Prutchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Impulse Dynamics  Marlton New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4166-8840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Villamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integer Holdings Corporation  Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1932.00150150115012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195211132472005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"The Treatment of Complete Heart Block by the Combined use of a Myocardial Electrode and an Artificial Pacemaker","volume":"8","author":"Weirich W. 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Treatment With a Radiofrequency Pacemaker","volume":"58","author":"Glenn W. W.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.47.5.1119"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1981.tb03732.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(80)90078-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(76)90150-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(88)90095-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(60)91151-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.34.10.1052"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Long\u2010Term Stimulation of the Heart With Radiofrequency Transmission","volume":"52","author":"Levitsky S.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1964.tb53171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196607212750304"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.33.6.938"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","first-page":"E2","article-title":"The BION Devices: Injectable Interfaces With Peripheral Nerves and Muscles","volume":"20","author":"Loeb G. 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