{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T04:25:29Z","timestamp":1787113529525,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pacing Clinical Electrophis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is an uncommon complication of transvenous cardiac device leads. Diagnosis may be challenging due to gradually developing and nonspecific symptoms. Furthermore, anatomical imaging does not always reflect the hemodynamic significance of venous stenosis. We retrospectively evaluated seven patients treated for lead\u2010associated SVC syndrome. Diagnostic delay was at least ten months in five patients. Computed tomography (CT) established the diagnosis in five patients, whereas invasive pressure measurement of the right atrium and SVC was performed in two patients for diagnostic certainty. In one patient, resting pressure measurements were non\u2010diagnostic, while exercise provoked symptoms and an increase in SVC pressure. These findings highlight that SVC syndrome is a hemodynamical disorder rather than solely an anatomical stenosis. Invasive pressure measurements, including symptom provocation, may provide important diagnostic value.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.70399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T03:56:27Z","timestamp":1787111787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lead\u2010Associated Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: Diagnostic Delay and the Role of Invasive Pressure Measurements"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9340-3161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fenna","family":"Dani\u00ebls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Isala Hospital  Zwolle the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hessel F.","family":"Groenveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7407-3064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Lip\u0161ic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinoud P. H.","family":"Bokkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2581-070X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiel","family":"Rienstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7936-360X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander H.","family":"Maass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-9-107","article-title":"Surgical Management of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Following Pacemaker Lead Infection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","volume":"9","author":"Kokotsakis J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.04081.x","article-title":"Incidence and Risk Factors of Early Venous Thrombosis Associated with Permanent Pacemaker Leads","volume":"15","author":"Rooden C. J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.017","article-title":"Lead\u2010Related Venous Obstruction in Patients with Implanted Cardiac Devices: JACC Review Topic of the Week","volume":"79","author":"Zimetbaum P.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2009.02613.x","article-title":"Managing Superior Vena Cava Syndrome as a Complication of Pacemaker Implantation: A Pooled Analysis of Clinical Practice","volume":"33","author":"Riley R.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2009.00636.x","article-title":"Patency Rates for Angioplasty in the Treatment of Pacemaker\u2010Induced Central Venous Stenosis in Hemodialysis Patients: Results of a Multi\u2010Center Study","volume":"22","author":"Asif A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Seminars in Dialysis"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.11.012","article-title":"Percutaneous Management of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome in Patients with Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices","volume":"18","author":"Gabriels J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.09.006","article-title":"Lead\u2010Related Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: Management and Outcomes","volume":"18","author":"Arora Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-010-0052-6","article-title":"Treatment of Pacemaker\u2010Induced Superior Vena Cava Syndrome by Balloon Angioplasty and Stenting","volume":"19","author":"Klop B.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neth Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.08.012","article-title":"Chronic Venous Obstruction during Cardiac Device Revision: Incidence, Predictors, and Efficacy of Percutaneous Techniques to Overcome the Stenosis","volume":"17","author":"Morani G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"}],"container-title":["Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pace.70399","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pace.70399","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pace.70399","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T03:56:30Z","timestamp":1787111790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pace.70399"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"references-count":9,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pace.70399"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pace.70399","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-8389","1540-8159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-8389","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"pace.70399"}}