{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:04:41Z","timestamp":1790751881233,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pacing Clinical Electrophis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) who develop bacteremia require risk stratification for device infection. Although prediction scores exist for\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteremia, no comparable CIED\u2010specific tool exists for non\u2013\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteremia. Our study aimed to estimate the probability of definite CIED infection in adults with non\u2013\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteremia without pocket infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed a prediction\u2010model analysis of adults with CIEDs and non\u2013\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteremia, comprising gram\u2010negative bacteremia (GNB) and gram\u2010positive cocci other than\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (GPC) bacteremia, at Mayo Clinic Rochester during 2012\u20132019. Patients with pocket infection were excluded. Definite CIED infection was classified using 2019 European Heart Rhythm Association criteria. Penalized logistic regression was used to construct two prediction models for definite infection: a full model with nine prespecified predictors, and a reduced model from which a point\u2010based risk score could be obtained.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 282 patients with CIEDs developed non\u2013\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteremia. Median age was 75 years; 69% were men. GPC bacteremia occurred in 156 patients (55%) and GNB in 126 (45%). Sixty patients (21%) had definite CIED infection. Both the full and reduced models demonstrated excellent predictive discrimination (apparent area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.946 and 0.940). The reduced model retained four predictors: GPC bacteremia, persistent bacteremia, longer time to positivity, and unknown bacteremia source.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A four\u2010variable risk score incorporating organism category, persistent bacteremia, time to positivity, and unknown bacteremia source may guide early device\u2010focused evaluation, but external validation is required before clinical adoption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.70456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:45:22Z","timestamp":1790750722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Prediction Score for Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infection in Non\u2013\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    Bacteremia"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Supavit","family":"Chesdachai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Disease Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry M.","family":"Baddour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Disease Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Cuervo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clinic\u2010IDIBAPS University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek J.","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Disease Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher V.","family":"DeSimone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Disease Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Lahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"DeSimone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Disease Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euz246","article-title":"European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) International Consensus Document on how to Prevent, Diagnose, and Treat Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections\u2010Endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) in Collaboration With the European Association for Cardio\u2010Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"22","author":"Blomstr\u00f6m\u2010Lundqvist C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e201","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001187","article-title":"Update on Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infections and Their Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association: Endorsed by the International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases","volume":"149","author":"Baddour L. M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.04.015","article-title":"2026 HRS\/AHA\/APHRS\/EHRA\/IDSA\/LAHRS\/PACES\/STS Expert Consensus Statement Update on Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Lead Management and Extraction","volume":"23","author":"Cha Y. M.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.021","article-title":"Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia, Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device, Extraction, and the Risk of Recurrence","volume":"84","author":"Berge A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.12.013","article-title":"Evaluation of European Heart Rhythm Association Consensus in Patients With Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices and Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia","volume":"19","author":"Chesdachai S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Predicting Risk of Endovascular Device Infection in Patients With Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia (PREDICT\u2010SAB)","volume":"8","author":"Sohail M. R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-023-04585-x","article-title":"Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteraemia, Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device, and the Risk of Endocarditis: A Retrospective Population\u2010Based Cohort Study","volume":"42","author":"Berge A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac444","article-title":"Risk of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infection in Patients Presenting With Gram\u2010Negative Bacteremia","volume":"9","author":"Chesdachai S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.12.010","article-title":"Bacteremia due to Non\u2010Staphylococcus Aureus Gram\u2010Positive Cocci and Risk of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infection","volume":"4","author":"Chesdachai S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm O2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap)\u2014A Metadata\u2010Driven Methodology and Workflow Process for Providing Translational Research Informatics Support","volume":"42","author":"Harris P. A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap Consortium: Building an International Community of Software Platform Partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris P. A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab632","article-title":"Prediction Rules for Ruling out Endocarditis in Patients With Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia","volume":"74","author":"Vaart T. W.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.09.027","article-title":"A Contemporary Picture of Coagulase\u2010Negative Staphylococcal Endocarditis","volume":"85","author":"Palom\u2010Grau C.","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3255","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01045-09","article-title":"Differentiating Culture Samples Representing Coagulase\u2010Negative Staphylococcal Bacteremia From Those Representing Contamination by use of Time\u2010to\u2010Positivity and Quantitative Blood Culture Methods","volume":"47","author":"Kassis C.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"}],"container-title":["Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pace.70456","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pace.70456","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pace.70456","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:45:25Z","timestamp":1790750725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pace.70456"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pace.70456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pace.70456","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-8389","1540-8159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-8389","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-08-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"pace.70456"}}