{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T05:44:46Z","timestamp":1791783886346,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pacing Clinical Electrophis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atrial arrhythmias that recur within the first 3 months after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation are conventionally attributed to a \u201cblanking period\u201d and not classified as procedural failure. Accumulating evidence suggests that such early recurrences of atrial tachyarrhythmias (ERAT) may instead predict late recurrence, raising concern that the conventional 3\u2010month window overestimates the duration during which recurrences are benign.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the association between ERAT during each of the first 3 months after AF catheter ablation and late recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias (LRAT), and whether this association differs by ablation energy source.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science without restriction on date or publication status for studies of AF catheter ablation reporting ERAT during defined intervals of the blanking period, stratified by subsequent LRAT status. Ablation energy sources included radiofrequency, cryoballoon, and pulsed field. The exposure was ERAT during the first, second, and third months after ablation, and the outcome was LRAT. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random\u2010effects models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twelve studies comprising 7,751 patients (2,505 with LRAT, 5,246 without) were included. Mean follow\u2010up was 22.0 months, mean age 60.7 years, 25.8% were women, 52.5% had paroxysmal AF, mean CHA\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      DS\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010VASc score was 2.1, mean left atrial diameter 42.6\u00a0mm, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction 58.1%. ERAT was associated with subsequent LRAT, and the strength of this association increased across the blanking period: month 1 (12 studies; OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.01\u20133.08;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05), month 2 (10 studies; OR 3.46, 95% CI 2.15\u20135.57;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and month 3 (10 studies; OR 21.4, 95% CI 10.9\u201342.2;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). The graded association was reproduced within the radiofrequency and cryoballoon subgroups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ERAT was associated with subsequent LRAT throughout the blanking period, with a graded relationship that strengthened month by month and was strongest in the third month. These findings support a blanking period shorter than the conventional 3 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.70467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:49:26Z","timestamp":1791780566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blanking Period after Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3358-4458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David T.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakshum","family":"Chadha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Stony Brook Medicine  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suraj S.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Melcer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5756-1480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijeet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Stony Brook Medicine  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7658-428X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim O.","family":"Almasry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Stony Brook Medicine  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Stony Brook Medicine  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5190-7006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric J.","family":"Rashba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Stony Brook Medicine  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.0693"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4022\/jafib.1726"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000586"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.06.1172"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14676"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15337"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad173"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.16334"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15729"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","article-title":"Timing of Early Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation During the Blanking Period After Catheter Ablation for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation and Implications for Long\u2010Term Success: A Multicentre Study","volume":"45","author":"Tang P. 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