{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T13:37:45Z","timestamp":1783604265481,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,3]],"date-time":"2013-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Allergic Contact Dermatitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content>) in children is increasing. Sensitization to contact allergens can start in early infancy. The epidermal barrier is crucial for the development of sensitization and elicitation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content>. Factors that may influence the onset of sensitization in children are atopic dermatitis, skin barrier defects and intense or repetitive contact with allergens. Topical treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content> is associated with cutaneous sensitization, although the prevalence is not high. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content> because of haptens in shoes or shin guards should be considered in cases of persistent foot eruptions or sharply defined dermatitis on the lower legs. Clinical polymorphism of contact dermatitis to clothing may cause difficulties in diagnosing textile dermatitis. Toys are another potentially source of hapten exposure in children, especially from toy\u2010cosmetic products such as perfumes, lipstick and eye shadow. The most frequent contact allergens in children are metals, fragrances, preservatives, neomycin, rubber chemicals and more recently also colourings. It is very important to remember that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content> in young children is not rare, and should always be considered when children with recalcitrant eczema are encountered. Children should be patch\u2010tested with a selection of allergens having the highest proportion of positive, relevant patch test reactions. The allergen exposure pattern differs between age groups and adolescents may also be exposed to occupational allergens. The purpose of this review is to alert the paediatrician and dermatologist of the frequency of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content> in young children and of the importance of performing patch tests in every case of chronic recurrent or therapy\u2010resistant eczema in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,4]],"date-time":"2013-02-04T13:10:58Z","timestamp":1359983458000},"page":"321-329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Allergic contact dermatitis in children: which factors are relevant? 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