{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T19:14:21Z","timestamp":1778181261401,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,17]],"date-time":"2013-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC<\/jats:styled-content>) is a chronic disease affecting conjunctiva even though the immunopathogenetic mechanisms underlying this inflammation are unclear. The aim of our study is to investigate serum levels of HMGB<\/jats:styled-content>1 and circulating sRAGE<\/jats:styled-content> in children affected by VKC<\/jats:styled-content> before and after treatment with cyclosporine A<\/jats:styled-content> (C<\/jats:styled-content>sA<\/jats:styled-content>) eye drops and in a group of healthy children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Twenty\u2010four children affected by VKC<\/jats:styled-content> aged between 5 and 12\u00a0yrs of life were enrolled at the D<\/jats:styled-content>epartment of P<\/jats:styled-content>ediatrics, D<\/jats:styled-content>ivision of A<\/jats:styled-content>llergy and I<\/jats:styled-content>mmunology, \u2018S<\/jats:styled-content>apienza\u2019 U<\/jats:styled-content>niversity of R<\/jats:styled-content>ome. Twenty\u2010four healthy children without atopy, ocular, and systemic disease, cross\u2010matched for sex and age to patients affected by VKC<\/jats:styled-content>, represented the controls. All children affected by VKC<\/jats:styled-content> were treated with C<\/jats:styled-content>sA<\/jats:styled-content> 1% eye drops for 4\u00a0wks, and blood samples were collected before and 2\u00a0wks after the end of treatment while the controls underwent to a single blood sample at the time of enrollment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Serum basal levels of HMGB<\/jats:styled-content>1 and sRAGE<\/jats:styled-content> were higher in children with VKC<\/jats:styled-content> when compared with controls while, in patients affected by VKC<\/jats:styled-content>, no difference was detected between atopic and non\u2010atopic, and between ANA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive and ANA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative children. A significant reduction in serum HMGB<\/jats:styled-content>1 and sRAGE<\/jats:styled-content> levels was detected after the therapy while C<\/jats:styled-content>sA<\/jats:styled-content> serum levels were negative.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Our study gives a support to the definition of VKC<\/jats:styled-content> as a systemic inflammation in which HMGB<\/jats:styled-content>1 and its soluble receptors could play a role.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,18]],"date-time":"2013-11-18T06:05:39Z","timestamp":1384754739000},"page":"57-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["High\u2010mobility group box\u20101 (HMGB<\/scp>\u20101) and serum soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE<\/scp>) in children affected by vernal keratoconjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Zicari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Zicari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Nebbioso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Celani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Lollobrigida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azzurra Cesoni","family":"Marcelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Occasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"Duse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University of Rome Rome 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