{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:13:12Z","timestamp":1793293992158,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comorbidity between childhood atopic eczema (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AE<\/jats:styled-content>) and attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>) has been observed, but temporal relationships remain unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed data of a population\u2010based, prospective birth cohort study among 770 children included at baseline in 2000\/2001 with follow\u2010up up to age 11. Information on age at diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AE<\/jats:styled-content>, rhinoconjunctivitis, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> was obtained by questionnaires administered to parents and for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AE<\/jats:styled-content> also to caring physicians. Adjusted relative risks (a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were modeled with a modified Poisson regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AE<\/jats:styled-content> up to age 4\u00a0yr was reported for 14.8% of the children by the parents and for 26.0% by the physicians with only fair agreement between these reports (kappa\u00a0=\u00a00.36). Based on parental reports, the association of early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AE<\/jats:styled-content> with early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> was strong (a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>: 5.17, 95% CI: 2.18; 12.28), but absent for late <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> [a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.50 (0.13; 2.02)]. The association of late <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AE<\/jats:styled-content> with late <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> [a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>: 3.03 (0.75; 12.29)] was not statistically significant. This pattern was independent of the presence of rhinoconjunctivitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The observed comorbidity between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AE<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> may indicate vulnerability to develop <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms in response to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AE<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms or through a common underlying mechanism. This vulnerability seems to decrease with time since <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AE<\/jats:styled-content> onset and may be greater in early life. These temporal relationships should be considered in future research investigating mechanisms linking both diseases and in clinical efforts to screen for and prevent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms in children with AE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]],"date-time":"2013-12-02T02:36:55Z","timestamp":1385951815000},"page":"51-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Infant atopic eczema and subsequent attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder \u2013 A prospective birth cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jon","family":"Genuneit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry Ulm University Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Braig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry Ulm University Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University Medical Center Ulm Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Wabitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University Medical Center Ulm Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Florath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division 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