{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:23:34Z","timestamp":1778631814118,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,27]],"date-time":"2014-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It has been suggested that n\u20106 and n\u20103 long\u2010chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content>s) in blood are associated with risk of allergic diseases, although results are inconclusive. Low levels of n\u20106 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content> and high levels of n\u20103 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content> are anticipated to have beneficial effects. Pregnancy is considered a critical time period for imprinting the developing immune system. We examined whether n\u20106 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content>, n\u20103 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations or the n\u20106\/n\u20103 ratio in cord blood (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CB<\/jats:styled-content>) serum are associated with allergic diseases up to the age of 10\u00a0yr.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This analysis included 436 children from the Munich <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LISA<\/jats:styled-content>plus birth cohort study. Information on doctor\u2010diagnosed asthma, hay fever\/allergic rhinitis, and eczema was collected using questionnaires completed at the ages 6 and 10\u00a0yr, and for eczema additionally at 2\u00a0yr. Specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) against inhalant allergens was measured at 6 and 10\u00a0yr. Fatty acid composition was measured by gas chromatography in serum from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CB<\/jats:styled-content> and from blood collected at 2, 6, and 10\u00a0yr. Associations between n\u20103, n\u20106 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations, and the n\u20106\/n\u20103 ratio in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CB<\/jats:styled-content> serum and allergic diseases or atopy were assessed using generalized estimating equations (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GEE<\/jats:styled-content>) considering the longitudinal structure. Models were adjusted for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations at follow\u2010up and potential confounding factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no significant association between n\u20103 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content>, n\u20106 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content>, or the n\u20106\/n\u20103 ratio in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CB<\/jats:styled-content> serum with eczema, asthma, hay fever\/allergic rhinitis, or aeroallergen sensitization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is no indication of a beneficial effect of increased n\u20103 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CB<\/jats:styled-content> serum on the development of any of the disease entities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,28]],"date-time":"2014-02-28T02:02:42Z","timestamp":1393552962000},"page":"344-350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Cord blood <scp>LC<\/scp>\u2010<scp>PUFA<\/scp> composition and allergic diseases during the first 10\u00a0yr. Results from the <scp>LISA<\/scp>plus study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Standl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology I Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen \u2013 German Research Centre for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Demmelmair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Munich Medical Centre Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berthold","family":"Koletzko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Munich Medical Centre Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology I Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen \u2013 German Research Centre for 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