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It would appear that there are three wheeze phenotypes in children of preschool age: the mild episodic viral wheeze phenotype; the multitrigger atopic wheeze; and, less often encountered, the severe non\u2010atopic wheeze. Early onset of allergy in asthma (more prevalent in boys) is associated with poor prognosis unlike the severe non\u2010atopic wheeze phenotype which has a female predominance. The prognosis of the severe non\u2010atopic wheeze depends on time of onset (early or late) of allergic expression. At school age<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> the risk of severe asthmatic exacerbations is associated with eosinophil predominant inflammation frequently related to allergic asthma, whereas neutrophil inflammation is associated with moderate\u2010to\u2010severe asthma with poorer lung function. Nevertheless, allergic asthma is also a heterogeneous disease with a severe allergic phenotype strongly associated with atopic dermatitis and very high eosinophil\u2010driven inflammatory markers. Further studies are required to find non\u2010invasive biological markers in very young children to better define wheezing phenotypes associated with an elevated risk of developing severe asthma with a view to personalizing treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,21]],"date-time":"2015-02-21T15:13:02Z","timestamp":1424531582000},"page":"300-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["What lessons can be learned about asthma phenotypes in children from cohort studies?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Just","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergology Department Centre de l'Asthme et des Allergies. H\u00f4pital d'Enfants Armand\u2010Trousseau (APHP) \u2013 APHP, Paris 75012 France"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR_S 1136 Institut Pierre Louis d'Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Equipe EPAR Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Saint Pierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de statistiques th\u00e9oriques et appliqu\u00e9es Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie \u2013 Paris 06 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Amat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergology Department Centre de l'Asthme et des Allergies. 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