{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T21:20:11Z","timestamp":1773436811244,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,23]],"date-time":"2015-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"AIFA (Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco) Italian Agency for Drug Administration","award":["Eudract No:2008-001502-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Eudract No:2008-001502-17"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VKC<\/jats:styled-content>) is a chronic sight\u2010threatening ocular disease. Topical cyclosporine A (Cyc) has been widely administered as a steroid\u2010sparing drug, although in about 7\u201310% of cases, it has been ineffective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 0.1% topical tacrolimus (Tcr) in patients with severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VKC<\/jats:styled-content> who failed to respond to 1% Cyc eyedrops.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consecutive patients with severe, Cyc\u2010resistant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VKC<\/jats:styled-content> were enrolled in a double\u2010blind, comparative, crossover (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBCO<\/jats:styled-content>) trial; all patients were treated with 1% Cyc in one eye and 0.1% Tcr in the other eye for 3\u00a0wk. After a washout period of 7\u00a0days, patients were instructed to cross over the medications for three additional weeks. Objective ocular score, subjective score, and quality\u2010of\u2010life questionnaires (Qo<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LQ<\/jats:styled-content>) were collected during the trial. Blood samples were drawn to assess several safety parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty patients have been enrolled (mean age 9.05\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.12\u00a0yr). In each of the two phases of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBCO<\/jats:styled-content> trial, a significant improvement in objective and subjective scores was observed in the eyes treated with 0.1% Tcr (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Likewise, the quality of life significantly improved despite only half the eyes being successfully treated. Serum creatinine and blood parameters were constantly within the normal range, and both blood Cyc and Tcr concentrations remained below the lowest detectable levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Topical Tcr is very effective and safe in the short term for patients suffering from severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VKC<\/jats:styled-content> resistant to topical Cyc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,24]],"date-time":"2015-02-24T17:01:41Z","timestamp":1424797301000},"page":"256-261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Tacrolimus vs. cyclosporine eyedrops in severe cyclosporine\u2010resistant vernal keratoconjunctivitis: A randomized, comparative, double\u2010blind, crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Neri","family":"Pucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit A. Meyer Children's Hospital Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit A. Meyer Children's Hospital Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"di Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit A. Meyer Children's Hospital Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"de Libero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit A. Meyer Children's Hospital Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit A. Meyer Children's Hospital Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Barni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit A. 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