{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:56:23Z","timestamp":1792796183308,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,24]],"date-time":"2015-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation to Combat Asthma (Stichting Astmabestrijding)"},{"name":"Spanish government","award":["PI050480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI050480"]}]},{"name":"Fondo de Investigacu\u00f3n Sanitaria","award":["A\/3069\/05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A\/3069\/05"]}]},{"name":"Fondo de Investigacu\u00f3n Sanitaria","award":["A\/5189\/06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A\/5189\/06"]}]},{"name":"Fondo de Investigacu\u00f3n Sanitaria","award":["A\/8579\/07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A\/8579\/07"]}]},{"name":"Fondo de Investigacu\u00f3n Sanitaria","award":["A\/8585\/07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A\/8585\/07"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004892","name":"Agencia Espa\u00f1ola de Cooperaci\u00f3n Internacional","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Atopic dermatitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>) is common in childhood, with peak prevalence in early childhood. However, international comparisons of prevalence have focused on older children. We analysed differences in prevalence rates of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> and the associations with putative risk and protective factors, among infants in two European and two Central American countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 1\u2010yr old infants participating in the International Study of Wheezing in Infants (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EISL<\/jats:styled-content>), prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> and putative risk and protective factors were assessed by a questionnaire applied to parents. For each risk\/protective factor summary, odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated by means of random effects meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 9803 infants were analysed. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence varied from 10.6% (Valencia, Spain) to 28.2% (San Pedro Sula, Honduras). Average <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> prevalences were lower in Europe (14.2%) than in Central America (18.2%, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Consistent with older children, presence of siblings decreased (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.82 [0.72\u20130.94]), whereas family history of asthma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.32 [1.10\u20131.59]), rhinitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.33 [1.14\u20131.54]) and atopic dermatitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.40 [1.89\u20133.05]) increased the risk of infantile <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>. However, gender, family size, breastfeeding and socio\u2010economic status were not associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study shows almost threefold differences in the prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> in infancy between countries. Risk and protective factors involved in the expression of infantile <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> differ from those in older children, possibly suggesting a different pathophysiology. There is a need for additional international epidemiological surveys on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> in young children, the peak prevalence age of this condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,4]],"date-time":"2015-04-04T07:03:53Z","timestamp":1428131033000},"page":"359-366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A multinational study to compare prevalence of atopic dermatitis in the first year of life"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Eelco","family":"Draaisma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Amalia Children's Centre Isala Hospital Zwolle the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Garcia\u2010Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Respiratory and Allergy Units \u2018Virgen de la Arrixaca\u2019 University Children's Hospital University of Murcia Murcia Spain"},{"name":"Arrixaca Bio\u2010Health Research Institute of Murcia Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Mallol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine Hospital El Pino University of Santiago de Chile (USACH) Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirceu","family":"Sol\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP) S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Respiratory and Allergy Units \u2018Virgen de la Arrixaca\u2019 University Children's Hospital University of Murcia Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul L. 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