{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T10:02:15Z","timestamp":1753437735893},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,4]],"date-time":"2015-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007110","name":"Schering-Plough","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007110","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In preschool children, no study assessed the relation between wheezing and rhinitis severity. Our aims were to estimate the prevalence of current wheezing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CW<\/jats:styled-content>) in preschoolers and to study the association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CW<\/jats:styled-content> and current rhinitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>), considering its severity\/persistency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a cross\u2010sectional, nationwide, population\u2010based study including a representative sample of 5003 Portuguese children aged 3\u20135\u00a0years. Data were collected by a face\u2010to\u2010face interview with caregivers using an adapted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ISAAC<\/jats:styled-content> questionnaire. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CW<\/jats:styled-content> was defined as presence of \u22651 wheezing episode in the previous 12\u00a0months. Rhinitis severity\/persistency was classified according to Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current wheezing prevalence was 24.5% [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 23.3\u201325.7]; 9.4% of the participants had \u22654 wheezing episodes in the previous year. Children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> had an odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) of 4.0 [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 3.4\u20134.5] for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CW<\/jats:styled-content>; it was highest for children with moderate\u2013severe persistent rhinitis (11.5 [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 8.1\u201316.3]), even after adjusting for possible confounders. Wheezers with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> reported more wheezing treatment use (p\u00a0=\u00a00.024) than those without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>. There was a trend for a higher number of wheezing episodes with more persistent and severe nasal disease \u2013 48.4% of children with moderate\u2013severe persistent rhinitis had &gt;4 wheezing episodes vs. 28.9% in moderate\u2013severe intermittent, 20.0% in mild persistent, 10.8% in mild intermittent, and 3.6% in those without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>; p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current wheezing was present in almost 25% of preschool children and was strongly associated with rhinitis, especially moderate\u2013severe persistent disease. Preschoolers with both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CW<\/jats:styled-content> and rhinitis seem to have a more severe phenotype, emphasizing the need for concurrent evaluation of nasal and bronchial symptoms even in small children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]],"date-time":"2015-06-25T15:44:29Z","timestamp":1435247069000},"page":"618-627","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Severity of rhinitis and wheezing is strongly associated in preschoolers: A population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ana Margarida","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunoallergy Department CUF\u2010Descobertas Hospital Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Health Information and Decision Sciences Department Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Allergy Unit CUF\u2010Porto Hospital &amp; Institute Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Morais\u2010Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunoallergy Department CUF\u2010Descobertas Hospital Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Portuguese Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Cl\u00ednica (SPAIC) Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natacha","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunoallergy Department CUF\u2010Descobertas Hospital Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department Centro Hospitalar S. 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