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However, previous studies were limited and it was unclear whether the type of prenatal psychological state was associated with a particular symptom. We examined the association of maternal depression and anxiety during pregnancy with wheeze\u2013rhinitis\u2013eczema symptoms in infancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a longitudinal birth cohort (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GUSTO<\/jats:styled-content>) of 1152 mother\u2013child pairs, wheeze\u2013rhinitis\u2013eczema symptoms in the infants during the first year of life were collected by parental report. Maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed at 26 weeks of gestation using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPDS<\/jats:styled-content>) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STAI<\/jats:styled-content>). Logistic regression analyses were performed with adjustment for potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An increased risk of wheezing was found in infants of pregnant women with probable depression (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPDS<\/jats:styled-content> \u2265 15) [odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) = 1.85 (95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.10\u20133.12)], and an increased risk of rhinitis was associated with maternal anxiety [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STAI<\/jats:styled-content> state \u2265 41: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.42 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.04\u20131.93); <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STAI<\/jats:styled-content> trait \u2265 43: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.38 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.01\u20131.88)]. After adjusting for known risk factors for the development of allergic disease, these associations remained significant [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPDS<\/jats:styled-content> \u2265 15: adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 2.09 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.05\u20134.19); <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STAI<\/jats:styled-content> state \u2265 41: adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.82 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.17\u20132.82); <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STAI<\/jats:styled-content> trait \u2265 43: adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.70 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.10\u20132.61)]. However, maternal psychological states were not associated with infantile eczema.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that there may be an independent effect of prenatal depression on wheezing and anxiety on rhinitis in infancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T07:46:51Z","timestamp":1438415211000},"page":"765-771","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["An independent association of prenatal depression with wheezing and anxiety with rhinitis in infancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Tuck Seng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KK Women's and Children's Hospital Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KK Women's and Children's Hospital Singapore City Singapore"},{"name":"Duke\u2010NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KK Women's and Children's Hospital Singapore City Singapore"},{"name":"Duke\u2010NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oon Hoe","family":"Teoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KK Women's and Children's Hospital Singapore City Singapore"},{"name":"Duke\u2010NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore City Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynette P.","family":"Shek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bee Wah","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Chee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith M.","family":"Godfrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit University of Southampton Southampton UK"},{"name":"NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Gluckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore City Singapore"},{"name":"Liggins Institute University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Kwek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KK Women's and Children's Hospital Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seang Mei","family":"Saw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yap\u2010Seng","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Meaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birit F. 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