{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:21:44Z","timestamp":1783480904305,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,22]],"date-time":"2015-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study describes the demographic features, culprit foods, clinical features and outcomes for children presenting with acute fish and\/or shellfish food protein\u2010induced enterocolitis syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPIES<\/jats:styled-content>) in four <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>talian paediatric allergy centres.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective\/prospective study was undertaken. All children diagnosed with fish or shellfish <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPIES<\/jats:styled-content> were enrolled. The diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPIES<\/jats:styled-content> was based on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>icherer's or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>iceli <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>opo clinical criteria. Skin prick tests (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPT<\/jats:styled-content>) were performed in all patients, at the time of diagnosis and prior to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OFC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy children were enrolled. Mean age at first episode was 14 months (range 6\u201346 months); mean age at diagnosis was 34 months (range 6\u2013164 months). Sole and cod were the fish most commonly implicated. Fifty\u2010seven of 70 (81%) children had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPIES<\/jats:styled-content> exclusively to fish, 37 of 57 (65%) children had single\u2010fish <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPIES<\/jats:styled-content>, 20 of 57 (35%) multiple\u2010fish <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPIES<\/jats:styled-content>, nine of 70 (13%) presented adverse reactions exclusively to shellfish, and four of 70 (6%) presented adverse reactions to both fish and shellfish. Only four (5.7%) children presented episodes of acute <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPIES<\/jats:styled-content> with different foods (2 to cow's milk, 1 to egg, 1 to beef); in all cases, onset was prior to that of fish or shellfish <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPIES<\/jats:styled-content>. Fifteen of 70 (21%) children tolerated fish other than the offending fish. Twenty\u2010four of 70 (34%) children achieved tolerance (age range 24\u2013102 months).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The chief peculiarities of acute fish and shellfish <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPIES<\/jats:styled-content>, compared to more frequent cow's milk or soy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPIES<\/jats:styled-content>, are (i) later age of onset, (ii) longer persistence and (iii) possibility of tolerating fish other than the offending fish. Adverse reactions with shellfish are possible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]],"date-time":"2015-08-19T16:05:06Z","timestamp":1440000306000},"page":"731-736","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Food protein\u2010induced enterocolitis syndrome caused by fish and\/or shellfish in <scp>I<\/scp>taly"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Miceli Sopo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Department of Paediatrics Agostino Gemelli Hospital Sacred Heart Catholic University Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Monaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Department of Paediatrics Agostino Gemelli Hospital Sacred Heart Catholic University Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Badina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2010IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Barni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Department of Pediatrics A. Meyer Children's Hospital University of Florence Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Trieste Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elio","family":"Novembre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Department of Pediatrics A. Meyer Children's Hospital University of Florence Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Viola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Regina Margherita Children's Hospital University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Regina Margherita Children's Hospital University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Enteropathy related to fish, rice, and chicken","volume":"57","author":"Vitoria JC","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.4.829"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2013.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0546(05)73249-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"354","article-title":"Diagnosis and natural history of food protein\u2010induced enterocolitis syndrome in children from a tertiary hospital in central Spain","volume":"24","author":"Ruiz\u2010Garc\u00eda M","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2012.04027.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2014.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70222-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2013.814418"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000055"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Food protein\u2010induced enterocolitis of infancy: differential diagnosis and management","volume":"12","author":"Powell GK","year":"1986","journal-title":"Compr Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reval.2014.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2008.00822.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"412","article-title":"Food protein\u2010induced enterocolitis syndrome caused by fish ingestion. 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