{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:34:33Z","timestamp":1791401673959,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,27]],"date-time":"2016-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union (European Social Fund-ESF)"},{"name":"National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Delivery by Cesarean section (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) may predispose to allergic disorders, presumably due to alterations in the establishment of normal gut microbiota in early infancy. In this study, we sought to investigate the association between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and physician\u2010diagnosed food allergy and atopic dermatitis during the first 3\u00a0years of life, using data from a homogeneous, population\u2010based, birth cohort.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 459 children born and cared for in the same tertiary maternity unit were examined at birth and followed up at 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36\u00a0months of age. Participants with symptoms suggestive of food allergy or atopic dermatitis were evaluated by a pediatric allergy specialist to confirm the diagnosis based on well\u2010defined criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The rate of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was 50.8% (n\u00a0=\u00a0233). Food allergy was diagnosed in 24 participants (5.2%) while atopic dermatitis was diagnosed in 62 children (13.5%). Cesarean section (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      3.15; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.14\u20138.70), atopic dermatitis of the child (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      3.01; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.18\u20137.80), parental atopy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      4.33; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.73\u201312.1), and gestational age (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.57; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.07\u20132.37) were significant and independent predictors of food allergy. Children with at least one allergic parent delivered by\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      had higher probability of developing food allergy compared with vaginally delivered children of non\u2010allergic parents (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      10.0; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      3.06\u201332.7). Conversely, the effect of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      on atopic dermatitis was not significant (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.35; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      0.74\u20132.47).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Delivery by\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      predisposes to the development of food allergy but not atopic dermatitis in early childhood. Cesarean section delivery seems to upregulate the immune response to food allergens, especially in children with allergic predisposition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T06:29:00Z","timestamp":1455776940000},"page":"419-424","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Cesarean section delivery and development of food allergy and atopic dermatitis in early childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Papathoma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Patras Medical School Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Triga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Patras Medical School Patras 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