{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T22:39:19Z","timestamp":1780699159410,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]],"date-time":"2016-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Egg allergy is the most common food allergy in children with atopic dermatitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of egg allergy, component patterns and predictive values of screening tests in egg allergy in South African children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective, observational study in a paediatric university hospital in Cape Town. Children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>, aged 6 months to 10 years, were recruited randomly. They were assessed for sensitization and allergy to egg by questionnaire, skin prick tests (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPT<\/jats:styled-content>), Immuno Solid Phase Allergen Chip (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ISAC<\/jats:styled-content> 103<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>) test, Immuno<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAP<\/jats:styled-content> component tests to egg and ovomucoid (<jats:italic>Gal d 1<\/jats:italic>) and incremental food challenges.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hundred participants (59 Black Africans and 41 of mixed ethnicity) were enrolled, median age 42 months. There was a high rate of egg sensitization of 54% and prevalence of confirmed egg allergy of 25%. History and screening laboratory tests overestimated egg allergy significantly. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPT<\/jats:styled-content> to fresh egg white was significantly more sensitive in diagnosing egg allergy than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPT<\/jats:styled-content> to the commercial egg white extract and produced the highest area under the receiver operator characteristics curve of all the screening tests in predicting true egg allergy. In those participants sensitized to egg, the component ovomucoid was best at differentiating true egg allergy from tolerance. Commonly used 95% positive predictive values (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPV<\/jats:styled-content>s) for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPT<\/jats:styled-content> to egg and Immuno<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAP<\/jats:styled-content> egg white produced low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPV<\/jats:styled-content> of 57% and 74%, respectively, in this population overall, with generally poorer predictive values amongst the Black Africans than the mixed ethnicity participants. A <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPT<\/jats:styled-content> to fresh egg of 17 mm and Immuno<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAP<\/jats:styled-content> egg white of 13 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kU<\/jats:styled-content>\/l produced the best <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPV<\/jats:styled-content> for egg allergy in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of egg allergy is high in African children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>, but history of egg allergy and sensitization to egg significantly overestimate the true egg allergy rate. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPT<\/jats:styled-content> to fresh egg white was more sensitive than that to commercial egg white extract; hence, fresh egg white should be recommended in an egg allergy screening panel. The component ovomucoid was useful for differentiating allergy from tolerance in egg\u2010sensitized participants. Population\u2010specific 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPV<\/jats:styled-content> for egg allergy tests may need to be established in developing world populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T15:42:45Z","timestamp":1468942965000},"page":"709-715","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Egg sensitization, allergy and component patterns in African children with atopic dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Claudia L.","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergology Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergology Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"du Toit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's Health Partners MRM &amp; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma King's College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Allergy Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2010.03166.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02162.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.05.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2005.00251.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601306"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1999.00454.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.04.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.3.e8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3038.2000.00071.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Sensitisation to aero\u2010allergens and food allergens in infants with atopic dermatitis in South Africa","volume":"18","author":"Potter PC","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70021-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.04.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70337-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-006-0053-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2011.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.4.2026","article-title":"Allergenic properties of ovomucoid in man","volume":"159","author":"Cooke SK","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3283464d1b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01332.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.70.591"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2013.5.2.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.114708"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00928.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2013.5.3.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12459"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12270"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1514210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414850"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1997.tb02427.x"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Allergy and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpai.12615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pai.12615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T21:13:07Z","timestamp":1695503587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pai.12615"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pai.12615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pai.12615","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-6157","1399-3038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-6157","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]]}}}