{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:32:47Z","timestamp":1758817967019},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,5]],"date-time":"2016-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Greater infant weight gain is associated with lower lung function and increased risk of childhood asthma. The role of early childhood peak growth patterns is unclear. We assessed the associations of individually derived early childhood peak growth patterns with respiratory resistance, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, wheezing patterns, and asthma until school\u2010age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a population\u2010based prospective cohort study among 5364 children. Repeated growth measurements between 0 and 3 years of age were used to derive standard deviation scores (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">s.d.s<\/jats:styled-content>) of peak height and weight velocities (PHV and PWV, respectively), and body mass index (BMI) and age at adiposity peak. Respiratory resistance and fractional exhaled nitric oxide were measured at 6 years of age. Wheezing patterns and asthma were prospectively assessed by annual questionnaires. We also assessed whether any association was explained by childhood weight status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Greater PHV was associated with lower respiratory resistance [<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): \u22120.03 (\u22120.04, \u22120.01) per s.d.s increase] (n = 3382). Greater PWV and BMI at adiposity peak were associated with increased risks of early wheezing [relative risk ratio (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 1.11 (1.06, 1.16), 1.26 (1.11, 1.43), respectively] and persistent wheezing [relative risk ratio (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 1.09 (1.03, 1.16), 1.37 (1.17, 1.60), respectively] (n = 3189 and n = 3005, respectively). Childhood weight status partly explained these associations. No other associations were observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PWV and BMI at adiposity peak are critical for lung developmental and risk of school\u2010age wheezing. Follow\u2010up studies at older ages are needed to elucidate whether these effects persist at later ages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,3]],"date-time":"2016-09-03T14:16:38Z","timestamp":1472912198000},"page":"854-860","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Early childhood growth patterns and school\u2010age respiratory resistance, fractional exhaled nitric oxide and asthma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Maribel","family":"Casas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Respiratory Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"ISGlobal Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herman T.","family":"den Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Respiratory Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia J.","family":"Kruithof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irwin K.","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Vrijheid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan C.","family":"de Jongste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Respiratory Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent 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